Pneumatic

Technology

Learning Outcome
Application of Pneumatic
Pneumatic Circuit

Learning Outcome
Upon completion of this module, the student would be able to:

Describe pneumatic components.

Draw pneumatic supply system diagram.
Define the requirements of a pneumatic system.
Assembly equipment and operate the pneumatic system

Pneumatic
PNEUMATIC refers to Greek words :
pneuma ~ air
actic
~ action, motion

WHY PNEUMATIC?

We use
energy to
move a Load

Demi angin yang menerbang dan menaburkan (debu, biji-bijian benih,

dan lain-lainnya), dengan penerbangan dan penaburan yang
sesungguh-sungguhnya, - surah AZ Zariat (51) , ayat 1

This is actually what happen!!!

Air
Compressed Air

load

Definition of Pneumatic
1.The science of mechanical properties of
elastic fluids.
e.g : oil,water,synthetic oil
2. In industry , Pneumatic general refer to
the used of compressed air

Basic Pneumatic
Atmosphere
air

Pressure
Switch
Compressed
air

Gauge
Compressor

tube
Air reservoir
LOAD

One way
valve

Actuator
(piston)

A simplest Pneumatic System consists of:

Air supply unit ~ air compressor, tank, pressure regulator, air dryer.
Input signal
~ shut off valve, push button, limit switch
Control valve ~ Or / And Gate, Directional control valve,
flow control valve
Actuator / working element ~ Single / double acting cylinders,
rotary actuator, air motor

Basic Pneumatic System

Line Filter

Compressor

Elec Motor
Press.Switch
Press.Gauge

Air dryer

Air Service Unit

Auto Drain

Structure of Pneumatic Elements

Command execution

POWER COMPONENT
Actuators
Rotary cylinders

Signal Output

CONTROL ELEMENTS
Directional control valve
Cylinder
(drill)

Signal Processing

Signal Input

Energy supply

PROCESSING
ELEMENTS
Directional control valves
Timers, Sequences

INPUTS ELEMENTS
Manually actuated valves
Piloted valves

SUPPLY ELEMENTS
Compressor
Reservoir
Pressure regulation valve

Drilling
Machine

DCV
Switch

Cylinder
(clamp)

Work
piece
Jigs

Compressor

Pneumatic
Installation

Structure of Schematic Diagram

Command execution

POWER COMPONENT
Actuators
Rotary cylinders

Pneumatic Circuit
Signal Output

CONTROL ELEMENTS
Directional control valve

Direct control

Indirect control

Actuation
level

Signal Processing

PROCESSING
ELEMENTS
Directional control valves
Timers, Sequences

Assign to
actuation level

Control level
Processing level

Signal Input

Energy supply

INPUTS ELEMENTS
Manually actuated valves
Piloted valves

SUPPLY ELEMENTS
Compressor
Reservoir
Pressure regulation valve

Input level

AND VALVE

OR VALVE

1.Compressors.
Screw type

Piston type

Vane type

Air Service Unit

Lubricator

Symbol

Type of Filter
Comp. air filter
Comp air regulator & gauge
Comp. air regulator / lubricator

These are the accessories

Regulator
Gauge

Tubes

Lubricator

Filter

Manifolds
Silencer

2.Input Element
Input / Switching
Consists of :
Push button (mushroom, flat, toggle)
Lever, roller, pedal
Air-Pilot

3. Processing Element

Generate or cancels signal depending on

signal inputs received

4. Control Element

Directional Control Valve

Continue

Directional control valve 2w, 3w, 4w,5w

Continue

This 5/2 valve has a matched spool and sleeve.

The fit is so precise that seals between them are
unnecessary

14

14

12

1 3

12

Continue

This 5/2 valve has a matched spool and sleeve.

The fit is so precise that seals between them are
unnecessary

1 3

14

14

12

12

Directional Control Valve

5/2 way directional control valve
to change and direct the air flow into double acting cylinder.
piston will stop at the end of stroke.

5/3 way directional control valve

to change and direct the air flow into double acting cylinder.
can stop the piston motion at any position.

Flow control Valve

Restricts the air in a particular direction to

reduce the flow rate

5. Actuator ( output)

Transfer the required quantity of air to

drive the actuator

ACTUATOR (working element)

There are linear and rotary types actuator.
Linear actuator consists of the pneumatic cylinder
(single or double acting).
Single acting cylinder ~ 1 port (extend) and spring (retract).
Double acting cylinder ~ 2 ports (extend and retract)

SAC

DAC

Actuators..

Pneumatic Technology
Application
Cylinder (drill)
Drilling Machine

Switch

Cylinder (clamp)

Work piece

Jigs
Compressor

Simple pneumatic based system drilling process

Pneumatic Technology Application

Ketchup feeding machine

Concurrent activities , Increase

Productivity
Rotary
actuator ~ rotate!*$?
the ketchup feeding machine.
Linear actuators ~ turns down nozzles for injecting tomato ketchup into bottles
Labeller
~ paste the label for each ketchup bottle.

Pneumatic Technology Application

Handling tool / gripper to handle sensitive part

For Computer and Electronic parts :

No human finger print
Eliminate contaminant, dust, dirt
Reduce dent, scratch, damage

Pneumatic Technology Application

Press Work Machine

For metal, high temperature

part :
Indirect human in the
process
Eliminate accident
Improve work safety

Pneumatic Technology Application

Others application

Material handling (moves load and work piece).

Jigs and Fixtures (clamping parts)
Manufacturing process (clamping dies, stamping work piece)
Inspection for quality control (moving a gauge or probe)
Assembly process (gripping, gluing, bending work piece)

According to ISO 1219 pneumatic

schematic circuit
b+

Actuating element
Processing
Element

Input
Elements

PB

b+

Actual Movement

Energy Supply

Real application

Direct Control of Pneumatic

Cyclinder
Start Switch
3/2 way valve
Push button

Actuator
Device

Single acting cylinder with

spring return

Indirect Control of Pneumatic

Cylinder
Start Switch

S1

S2

Final control
Element

Actuator
Device

S1

S2

Simple Pneumatic Case Study 1

Cylinder (drill)

Drilling Machine

Switch

Cylinder
(clamp)

Work piece

Jigs

Compressor

~ Press Red Button 1 will extend both SAC to clamp the workpart
(fast), while moving down the rotating drill (fast) into the workpart.
~ Release Red Button 1 will retract both SAC to it original position

Simple Pneumatic Case Study 1.1

Cylinder (drill)

Drilling Machine

Switch

Cylinder
(clamp)

Work piece

Jigs

Compressor

~ Press Red Button 1 will extend both DAC to clamp the workpart (fast),
while
moving down the rotating drill slowly into the workpart.
~ Then, press Red Button 2 will retract both DAC to it original position

Simple Pneumatic Case Study 2

Cylinder (drill)

Drilling Machine

Switch

Cylinder
(clamp)

Work piece

Jigs

Compressor

~ Press Red Button 1 and 2 together will extend both DAC to clamp the
workpart
slowly, while moving down the rotating drill slowly into the workpart.
~ After completing the process, both DAC will retract automatically (slowly)

Simple Pneumatic Case Study 3

DDZ

DDZ

Belt conveyor
DDZ

Manually feed

Main switch

~ Press Red Button 1 & 2 will extend DAC to move brown box to the DDZ
location.
~ The DAC will retract automatically.

Simple Pneumatic Case Study 3.1

DDZ

DDZ

Belt conveyor
DDZ
Manually feed

Main switch

~ Press Red Button 1 & 2 will extend DAC to move brown box to the DDZ
location.
~ Then, DAC will retract automatically and standby for moving the next
brown box.

Combination Valves
Combination functions of various element.
Example :
Timer combination of one way flow
control valve ,a reservoir and a 3/2 way
directional control valve
Symbol

Example of Timer
Ls1

Pb
Ls1

Example of Memory circuit

Ls2

Ls2

Pb1
Ls1
Holding type switch

Ls1

Example of Timer and Memory

Ls2 Ls1
circuit
Double Acting Cylinder
(DAC)

5/2 way DCV

Ls2

Time delay valve

Ls1
Pb1

3/2 way DCV

nc

*** PB 1 need to hold

Multiple Cylinder Case Study 1

Cylinder A

Cylinder B

1
a
0

a
1

b
0

b
1

0
1

Displacement step diagram for

A+ B+ A- Bb
0

b
1

a
1

a
0

Multiple Cylinder Case Study 2

Cylinder A

Cylinder B

1
a
0

a
1

b
0

b
1

0
1

Displacement step diagram for

B+ B- A+ Ab
0

b
1

a
1

a
0

Create a true