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Chem 18.1 Experiment 4 Ionic Equilibria
Chem 18.1 Experiment 4 Ionic Equilibria
IONIC
EQUILIBRIA
Gabatin, Makoto
Yambao, Abigail
CD1- Chem 18.1
Objectives:
Distinguish:
weak/strong acidic compounds from weak/strong basic
compounds
Determine experimentally:
The ionization constant of a weak electrolyte
The solubility product constant of a slightly soluble substance
BASES
ARHENIUS:
contain hydrogen, yields
Hydronium ions
ARHENIUS:
contain hydroxyl groups,
yields Hydroxides ions
BRONSTED-LOWRY:
Proton(H) donor
BRONSTED-LOWRY:
Proton acceptor
LEWIS:
LEWIS:
Electron pair donor
BASES
pH < 7
pOH > 7
pH > 7
pOH < 7
pH = -log [H3O]
pH = -log [H]
pH+pOH = 14
Neutral: pH = pOH =
7
pH
Classification
0- 2.5
Strong acid
2.5 6
Weak acid
7
8 11
12 14
Neutral
Weak base
Strong base
Ionization Constant of
Weak Acids
Consider a weak monoprotic acid, HA.
or
Ionization Constant of
Weak Acids
Ka = acid ionization constant
Only weak acids have Ka Values associated with
them
Ka, the stronger acid
Calc. the [H+] or pH of an acid soln at
equilibrium, given the initial conc. of the acid
and its Ka value.
(Ksp)
Solubility product
the product of the molar conc. of the constituent
ions
each raised to the power of its stoichiometric
coefficient in the equilibrium equation
Solubility
of a monoprotic acid =
Procedures
0.5M
0.5M
0.1M
0.5M
0.1M
0.5M
0.1M
HCl
HOAc
NaOH
NH2OH
NaCl
NH4Cl
NaOAc
1.0 mL of Distilled
water
+ 1 drop
Bromocresol Green
+ add dropwise of
0.01M HCl until
color of the soln
matches test tube A
10 mL of the filtrate
+ 2 drops of
phenolphthalein
Results and
Discussion
0.5M HCl
Observed pH
0.57
0.5M HOAc
2.49
0.1M NaOH
12.74
0.5M NH2OH
0.1M NaCl
9.20
7
Classification
Strong Acid
Weak Acid
Strong Base
0.5M NH4Cl
5.64
0.1M NaOAc
8.34
Weak Base
Recommendations
Clean pH meter after using it
Use proper measuring devices
In titration, it is advised to make sure that the
endpoint would be very light pink. It is highly
recommended to use the half-drop method.
References:
M. Bishop, (n.d.). An introduction to Chemistry.
Retrieved from
http://preparatorychemistry.com/Bishop_weak_aci
d_Equilibrium.htm
R. Chang, (2007). Chemistry, Tenth Ed. New York,
NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies
R. Petrucci, (2010). General Chemistry: Principles
and Modern Applications. Prentice Hall