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Power Quality
Power Quality
Capacitor switching.
Load rejection
etc.
Conclusions
Comparison..
The flux and current relationships for both machine types are of the
same form. For the synchronous machine, the relationship is
Simulation results
Simulation Results
Conclusions
The torque curve, on the other hand, shows that there is a large
oscillatory torque immediately after the motor is energized.
Finally, the speed curve shows that the rotor speed climbs up
steadily to its rated value. In particular, a small overshoot is
observed before the rotor speed settles down to its rated value.
Objectives
Many methods are used to reduce the current draw during startup of
high inertia applications such as centrifuges, hammer mills, or large
fans.
Reduced current conditions are desired to decrease the strain on both
the motor and the connected mechanical system.
This reduction in starting current leads to a corresponding reduction
in the starting torque available from the motor.
This reduction in torque leads to longer acceleration times and the
potential for increased heating during startup.
The goal of this paper is to evaluate the "conventional" methods of
starting, and to compare each of the methods for temperature rise,
acceleration time, and economical considerations.
auto-transformer starting
wye-delta (star-delta) starting, and
resistor/reactor starting
V reduced
I reduced
V rated
1.1
Treduced reduced
V rated
2.2
I rated
V rated
Wye-Delta: this method is used for motor voltages of less than 1000
volts. a normally delta-connected stator is connected in wye during
the initial startup phase. It is most common for the motor to reach
full speed before the transition to the delta connection is made. This
essentially applies full voltage to the motor at this point. The
advantage of connecting the stator in wye is that only 0.57 times
rated voltage is applied to the phase windings. This results in only
0.57 of nominal current draw, but reduces the starting torque by
factor of three as well. A drawback of this method is that it requires
the neutrals of the motor.
Relative magnitudes of Torque and current for both wye and delta
configurations
Auto-transformer
Wye-Delta
Primary resistor/reactor: This kind of starting is achieved by
placing a resistance or inductance in series with the motor
leads in order to reduce the inrush current. When the motor is
nearly up to speed, the resistor or reactor may be switched
out of the circuit, causing transitory currents with their
corresponding torque pulsations. Energy is wasted as heat is
dissipated in the resistor during each startup cycle. Less
energy is wasted when using a reactor, but the magnitude can
still be significant.
Figure 9 illustrates how both the rotor and stator temperature rises are affected
by decreasing the current limit. Because there is less available torque under
limited current conditions, the tendency is to believe that increased motor
heating may result. However, due to the fact that the current is reduced, both the
rotor and stator I2r losses are decreased. In addition to this decrease in losses, the
acceleration time is extended, allowing for more of the heat generated to be
dissipated to the frame and surrounding atmosphere. Thus, the reduced current
leads not to increased heating, but rather to a cooler acceleration for the motor.
Because the frequency is varied, the motor operates only on the right side of
breakdown on the speed-torque curve.
Thus, any torque value from full load to breakdown can be achieved across the
entire speed range from zero speed to base speed assuming that the drive has the
necessary current capability. The load can be accelerated as slowly as desired,
thus virtually eliminating mechanical stress.
The VFD is considerably more expensive than the other methods discussed and
takes up more space than the other electronic starter option (soft start)
Objectives
Introduction
Assumptions
Observation.
Experimental Verification
Adjustable ac Capacitor
for a
Single-Phase Induction
Motor
Eduard Muljadi, Member, IEEE
Yifan Zhao, Tian-Hua Liu, Member, IEEE
Thomas A. Lipo, Fellow, IEEE
Abstract
Introduction