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I Asam Karboksilat
I Asam Karboksilat
I Asam Karboksilat
TUJUAN INSTRUKSIONAL
KHUSUS
Mahasiswa dapat:
Menggambarkan struktur asam karboksilat,
memberi nama asam karboksilat,
menjelaskan sifat keasaman
Menjelaskan konsep penarik dan pendorong elektron
Menjelaskan efek orto pada asam karboksilat aromatik,
menjelaskan sifat-sifat fisika asam karboksilat.
Menuliskan reaksi-reaksi pembuatan asam karboksilat
Menuliskan reaksi-reaksi asam karboksilat
Menuliskan rumus umum asam dikarboksilat
Menyebutkan sifat-sifat asam dikarboksilat
PUSTAKA
ACYL GROUP
ACYL GROUP
Common names:
IUPAC
Common
HCO2H
methanoic acid
formic acid
CH3CO2H
ethanoic acid
acetic acid
CH3CH2CO2H
propanoic acid
propionic acid
CH3CH2CH2CO2H
butanoic acid
CH3CH2CH2CH2CO2H
pentanoic
butyric acid
valeric acid
CCCCC=O
CH3(CH2)4CO2H
caproic acid
CH3(CH2)5CO2H
---
CH3(CH2)6CO2H
caprylic acid
CH3(CH2)7CO2H
---
CH3(CH2)8CO2H
capric acid
CH3(CH2)9CO2H
---
CH3(CH2)10CO2H
lauric acid
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
11
COOH
special names
benzoic acid
COOH
CH3
COOH
CH3
o-toluic acid
m-toluic acid
COOH
CH3
p-toluic acid
sodium acetate
CH3CH2CH2CO2NH4
or sodium ethanoate
ammonium butyrate
ammonium butanoate
(CH3CH2COO)2Mg
magnesium propionate
magnesium propanoate
15
INDUCTIVE EFFECTS ON
ACIDITY
17
18
19
20
21
22
Figure 19.8
How common substituents
affect the reactivity of a
benzene ring towards
electrophiles and the acidity of
substituted benzoic acids
23
Td
101
118
141
163
187
3. Kelarutan
Carboxylic acids are proton donors toward weak
and strong bases, producing metal carboxylate
salts, RCO2 + M
Carboxylic acids with more than six carbons are
only slightly soluble in water, but their conjugate
base salts are water-soluble
Oxidation of 1 alcohols
[2]
27
28
POCl3
Carboxylic acids are strong organic acids, and as such, readily react
with Brnsted-Lowry bases to form carboxylate anions.
34
Figure 19.7
Summary: The relationship
between acidity and conjugate
base stability for acetic acid,
phenol, and ethanol
oxalic acid
HO2C-CH2-CO2H
malonic acid
HO2C-CH2CH2-CO2H
succinic acid
HO2C-CH2CH2CH2-CO2H
glutaric acid
HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH
adipic acid
HOOC-(CH2)5-COOH
pimelic acid
CO2H
CO2H
CO2H
CO2H
CO2H
CO2H
phthalic acid
H
H
C
C
isophthalic acid
terephthalic acid
COOH
COOH
HOOC
maleic acid
C
C
COOH
H
fumaric acid