IMPROPER INTEGRALS

MATH23
MULTIVARIABLE CALCULUS

GENERAL
OBJECTIVE
At the end of the lesson the students are
expected to:
Identify an Improper Integral
Classify Improper Integral
Evaluate improper integrals by applying limits
in the definite integral
Apply Improper Integrals in solving Area of
Planes and Volume of Solids

IMPROPER INTEGRAL
DEFINITION:
The definite integral

f ( x)dx

has the following assumptions:

a. the limits of integration are
finite
b. f(x) is continuous for every x in
a<x<b

f ( x)dx

Types of Improper Integral

1. Integral
Over
Infinite

b
(Infinite Limits)

f ( x)dx

f ( x)dx

Intervals

f ( x)dx

2. Integrals
whose
Integrals
have
Infinite
Discontinuities
f
(
x
)

f
(
x
)

(Discontinuous Integrand)

lim

lim

x b

xa

lim f ( x)
x c

a cb

INFINITE LIMITS
Definite Integral with one or both limits
b
that are infinite:

f ( x)dx lim f ( x)dx

b a

f ( x)dx lim

f ( x)dx

a a

f ( x)dx lim

b a
a

f ( x)dx

THEOREM

THEOREM

EXAMPLES
Evaluate the following integrals, if they
converge

a)

1
1

dx
3
x

b) e dz

dx
c)
1 x 2

d )

dy
y 1

EXERCISES

Determine if the following integrals converge

or diverge. Evaluate the integrals, if they
converge
1.
6.
2.

7.

3.

8.

4.

9.

5.

10.

DISCONTINUOUS
When f(x) is continuous
for all values of
INTEGRAND
x except in any point [a,b] or a < x < b,
then x
b

a
b
a

f ( x)dx lim f ( x)dx

x b a
b

f ( x)dx lim f ( x)dx

xa x
x

x c a

x c x

f ( x)dx lim f ( x)dx lim f ( x)dx

THEOREM

THEOREM

GRAPHICAL
INTERPRETATION

EXAMPLES
Determine if the following integrals converge
or diverge. Evaluate the integrals, if they
converge

dt
a)
2 (t 2) 3
3

b)

dx
1 x

c)

/2

tan d

dx
d )
0 ( x 1) 2 / 3
2

EXERCISES

Identify the points of discontinuity of the following

functions. Determine if the following integrals
converge or diverge. Evaluate the integrals, if they
converge
1.
7.
2.

8.

3.

9.

4.
5.

10.
11.

APPLICATIONS
Recall the formula for the plane Area
and Volume of revolution as:
b

A f ( x)dx
a

V [ f ( x)] dx
a

EXAMPLES
1. Find the area bounded by the given
curve and the x-axis:

1
a. y
x(2 x)
asymptotes
b.

and its

1
y x x
e e
(Hint: Multiply both numerator and denominator by
ex).

EXAMPLES
1. Find the volume generated by
revolving the area bounded by the
given curve and the x-axis as it is
revolved about the x-axis:

ye

a.

(Use Q1
area)
y

xe

x2

b.
(Obtain the domain first of the
function)

Exercises
1) Determine whether the volume obtained by revolving
about the x-axis the region bounded by the curve
and the line x=e has an infinite volume
2. Let be the region bounded by the curve y= e-x and the xaxis x 0.
(a) Find the Area of .
(b) Find the Volume obtained by revolving about the x-axis.
3. Let be the region bounded by the coordinate axes, the
curve y =
and the line x=1. Find the area of

Examples for Volume Applications of

Improper Integrals
1.) Let be the region bounded by the curve
Find the volume obtained by revolving about the x-axis.and the line x = 1.
Answer: /3 cubic units.
2.) Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving around the y-axis the
curve

and the x-axis, x0.

Answer: 2 cubic units.

Examples:
3.) Find the volume obtained by revolving about the y-axis the region bounded by
the curve

and the x-axis, 0<x1.

Answer: 2 cubic units.

4.) Find the volume of the ellipsoid you obtain when you revolve the ellipse
about the y-axis
Answer: 16/3 cubic units.

SUGGESTED READINGS

TEXTBOOKS

Anton, Howard; Bivens Irl and Davis Stephen

Calculus,
Early Transcendentals, Chapter 7 pages
547 to 555
Peterson, Thurman S Calculus With Analytic
Geometry,
Chapter 14 pages 289 to 292