DUPLEXING

What is Duplexing
A telecommunications systems where signal can flow in
both directions between connected parties
Is a system composed of two connected parties or
devices which can communicate with one another in
both directions. (The term duplex is not used when
describing communication between more than two
parties or devices.)
Duplex systems are employed in nearly all
communications networks, either to allow for a
communication "two-way street" between two connected
parties or to provide a "reverse path" for the monitoring
and remote adjustment of equipment in the field.

Types of Duplexing
Half-duplex System - provides for
communication in both directions, but only
one direction at a time (not
simultaneously). Typically, once a party
begins receiving a signal, it must wait for
the transmitter to stop transmitting, before
replying.

Half Duplex System

 Full-duplex System - allows

communication in both directions, and
unlike half-duplex, allows this to happen
simultaneously. Land-line telephone
networks are full-duplex since they allow
both callers to speak and be heard at the
same time. A good analogy for a fullduplex system would be a two lane road
with one lane for each direction.

Full Duplex Ethernet

While the early coaxial cable based variants of Ethernet
were half-duplex by design, all the common variants of
twisted pair (10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX and 1000BASE-T
) and fiber optic Ethernet provide separate channels for
send and receive.
To allow use of hubs and for compatibility with existing
variants of Ethernet they were initially implemented in a
half-duplex manner with the tranceiver (usually by this
point integrated into the device) detecting a collision if an
attempt was made to transmit and receive
simultaneously and looping back data to the host so it
could hear itself transmit (as it would on a shared
medium).

Full Duplex System

 However if both ends of the link are not

hubs and the hardware supports it the two
channels can be split and used to make a
full-duplex link. Unfortunately if
autonegotiation is enabled on one end
and forced full-duplex on the other, the
end with autonegotiation will detect the
link as half-duplex causing large numbers
of errors due to Duplex_mismatch.

ADSL frequency plan

Autonegotiation
(formerly NWay) is an Ethernet procedure
by which two connected devices choose
common transmission parameters, such
as speed and duplex mode. In this
process, the connected devices first share
their capabilities as for these parameters
and then choose the fastest transmission
mode they both support.

Duplex Mismatched
In Ethernet, a duplex mismatch is a condition where
two connected devices operate in different duplex
modes, that is, one operates in half duplex while the
other one operates in full duplex. The effect of a duplex
mismatch is a network that works but is often much
slower than its nominal speed. Duplex mismatch may
derive from manually setting two connected network
interfaces at different duplex modes, but also derives
from connecting a device that performs autonegotiation
to one that is manually set to a full duplex mode.