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Common Air Pollution Control Equipments By: University of Petroleum and Energy Studies
Common Air Pollution Control Equipments By: University of Petroleum and Energy Studies
by
2. Cyclone :
Cyclone employ centrifugal force to separate smaller particles those cant
be removed by gravitational force.
Rotating motion of the gas stream generates a centrifugal force.
- Cyclone separator may be used at high temperature or at high pressure
for wide range of particles size.
- Cyclone have an efficiency range from 60 to 90 % but may not
effectively remove particles of less then 20 micron size.
Cyclone Collector:
- When the dust ladden air enter tangentially at the inlet point under the
influence of centrifugal force by spinning gas, the solid particles thrown to
the wall of cyclone as gas spiral upward at the inside of cyclone.
- The particles are slide down to the wall of cyclone.
- The outlet pipe for the purified gas is a cylindrical opening at top.
cyclone collector
Installation of Cyclone
Inertial Separator
This type of control equipment includes all collectors which utilize
relatively greater inertia of the dispersoid to effect the particulate gas
separation e.g Dust Trap
Dust Trap
- It is a common type of inertial separator.
- In this device the dust laden gas is introduced into a central pipe
(cylindrical ) and is made to undergo a change in direction by 180 0 .
- Dust because of inertia , settle in conical chamber.
Wet Scrubber:
Wet collector remove particulate matter from gas stream by intercepting
the particles into liquid droplet directly on contact . Gaseous particles can
be easily removed.
- 0.1 to 20 micron size particles are removed in these units.
- Generally water is used as scrubbing liquid.
Example are:
1. Spray Tower
2. Wet Cyclone Scrubber
3. Ventury Scrubber
4. Multiple Cyclone
a) Spray Chamber
1.
Spray Tower
- It can be used to remove both gaseous and particulate matter
contamination.
- As the gas flow upward the particles of the gas collide with spray
water and these particles are settled by gravity to the chamber.
2. Cyclone Scrubber:
- In a cyclone scrubber , polluted air is tangentially swirled around
whereas water sprinkles into the chamber continuously.
- In a simple wet cyclone scrubber high pressure spray nozzle
located in various place within a cyclone chamber generate a fine
spray that intercept small particles entrained in swirled gas
- Particles are thrown to the wall by centrifugal force.
Venturi Scrubber:
In a ventury scrubber high velocity (60 100 m/s ) at throat section atomise
the liquid.
- Particles strike against moving droplets because of the velocity difference
between the droplets and particles, droplet accelerate in throat section.
- The action is not complete in throat section but continue even afterward till
settling.
- Hence throat length is important for travel and collection of particles.
- This type of scrubbing device is very efficient for the removal of
particulates greater than 0.5 microns, due to better capture between high
velocity collision particles and atomised water droplet.
Ventury Scrubber
Bag Filter
Electrostatic Precipitator:
- These are widely used in cement, power and metallurgical industries
because of their capabilities to treat large gas flows, under high temperature
and corrosive atmosphere and remove submicron particles.
- In electrostatic precipitator the gas stream is passed between two electrode,
across which a high potential difference is maintained.
- Out of two electrode one is discharging electrode and other one is collecting
electrode.
- Because of high potential difference and the discharge system a powerful
ionisinsg field is formed. Potential as high as 100 kilovolts are used.
- Consequnetly, ionization creates an active glow zone (blue electic
discharge) called the corona glow.
Adsorption:
- Air or gaseous pollutant may be removed by adsorption colum which
may contain absorbing material such as Activated Carbon or Silica.
- Activated carbon (manufactured using coconut shell , bituminous coal or
petroleum residues) , siliceous compound ( silica gels, fullers, and
diatomaceous earth, synthetic zeolites) alumina anhydrous CaSO4 , Ca
or Mg silicate are used too.
It is best dealing for organic vapour.
- Iron oxide bed removes benzene and H2S.
- Silica gel absorbs oxide of N2 and Bromine.
Condensation :
- Condensation of a vapour from dirty air is possible either by
pressure or controlling the temperature.
increasing
Combustion
- Incinerator are simple, safe and reliable. They are widely used
for combustion of a variety of pollutant gases.
- In this process pollutant are exposed to high temperature
> 650 0C.
- CO and hydrocarbons are oxidized into carbon dioxide at
higher temperature (>650 0C).
- Combustion of organics and gases, with the aid of auxillary
fuel and a catalyst enhances kinetics of combustion.