Mobile Multimedia

and
Multimedia Systems
Perspectives

Introduction
Wireless is moving into broadband:
- 3G, 4G mobile networks
- WLAN
- DVB-H
- WIMAX
How to make maximum use of
these systems?

Technology progress
Broadband wireless media technology
is behind the corner:

WLAN ONBOARD

3G ONBOARD

4G ONBOARD

ALL INTEGRATED ONBOARD

COMPLEX MEDIA SYSTEMS BEHIND

WLAN

Wireless networks

3G-4G

Mobile

WLAN

OTHER

IEEE 802.11a+b+g +n

Other

System reqirements
Operator wants efficient resource
management: transmission
coverage and cost
User wants minimized cost of
access and seamless operation

Seamless challenge
Seamless changeover (handover)
between the systems is technical
challenge
Heterogenous networks may not
be synchronised, even content
stream may not be identical (e.g.
different compression ratios)

Gateways and managers

The changeover problem can be
solved by embedding gateways on
the network side and/or managers
on the terminal side
Multisystem terminals for
3G+WLAN will have severe
limitations on power consumption

Handover requirements
Seamless means perfect stream
splicing
This can be done when streams
are aligned in buffers and
synchronized
In general time stamps and bitrates
may not be identical

Gateways and managers

NETWORK
GATEWAY

DVB-H
WLAN

TERMINAL
MANAGER

3G

In case of operator controlled networks gateway

ensures synchronization. In heterogenous networks
terminal performs synchronization and handover

FUTURE MOBILE SYSTEM

IS BROADBAND FOR MULTIMEDIA
IT SUPPORTS MULTIPLE NETWORK
TYPES (3G, WLAN, 4G.)
IT SUPPORTS MULTIPLE OPERATION
MODES: UNICAST, MULITCAST,
BROADCAST, MULTISTREAMING
THE SYSTEM IS IP PROTOCOL BASED !

MOBILE DATA BANDWIDTH

FUTURE MOBILE SYSTEM WILL
HAVE DATA BANDWIDTH IN
MEGABITS/SECOND
3G
- 1-10 Mb/s
4G
- 10-50 Mb/s
WLAN - 1- 100 Mb/s

THE FUTURE MOBILE SYSTEM

THE FUTURE MOBILE SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURE IS DEVELOPED
THE STANDARD IS CALLED IMS
(Internet Multimedia Subsystem)
It is developed as an extension of 3G
mobile standard (release 5,6) by 3GPP (
www.3gpp.org) and IETF (www.ietf.org)

THE IMS
The IMS is based on SIP protocol
This allows setup of most complex
multimedia sessions

The IMS basic idea

The basic idea of IMS is integration of
telephone CS (Circuit Switched) network
and IP network running in wireless systems

Radio access
in 3G. 4G

3G version
In USA

User capabilities in IMS

The IMS extends widely the capabilities of
current systems as regards the usage
of the system
User may have two types of addresses:
phone and Internet
Users may have multiple identities: work
and private in same equipment
Users may have multiple terminals with
different capabilities

Mobile IP Short Overview

Key aspect of wireless networks is mobility.
Mobility is realized in cellular systems based
CS but it can be also realized in IP systems.
Here we provide short overview of IP mobility.
This does not mean it is realized in the IMS.
IMS can use standard mobility realized
in cellular systems.

Mobile IP Key Principles

The Wireless Internet is an IP-centric
& mobility-enabled network:
IP addresses are used for all routing within the
core network
IP protocols and technologies are used in the
control plane
The network is functionally equivalent to a
traditional cellular network (especially with
respect to mobility and roaming)

Mobile IP Key Principles

IP Mobility focuses on Layer 3 of the core network:
Mobility functions are independent of the access
technology (2G, 3G, wire line, etc.) and the
underlying network transport technology (ATM,
Ethernet, etc.)
Mobility is based on the user, not the terminal:
Users will have a single subscription in a home network
Service Level Agreements (SLA s) must exist between
all networks users will roam in

Mobile IP Components
Mobile Node (MN): laptop, mobile phone,
communicator,..etc
Home Agent (HA): router of the home network
Foreign Agent(FA): router of the foreign network

Mobile IP Components

(MN)
(FA)

(HA)

How Mobile IP works

Agent Discovery
Registration
Routing

Agent Discovery
1- HAs and FAs: periodically advertise their presence
on their subnets by broadcasting agent advertisements
2-MN Listen: Am I on my home sub net or I am
visiting some other subnet?
OR
1- MN sends an agent solicitation
2- Any agent on the subnet is forced to send an
immediate advertisement

Agent Discovery
MN determines that it is connected to an (FA)
acquires a care of address
Care of Address: and IP address given to the MN by the
FA
(exit point of the tunnel from HA to FA)

Registration
MN recieved the care of address: register it with the HA
HA creats a mobility binding table
HA advertises reachability to the home IP address of MN
Example: a device connected to the internet called corresponding
node (CN) sends a packet to MN, how it will reach MN?
CN

HA

FA

MN

power down or go back to home sub net: MN will deregister

HA reclaims MN through tunnel

IP Mobility:a lower level look

Visited Network

FA

Mobility
Manager

IPSec SA 1

Security
Gateway

Security
Gateway

Internet

Router

IPSec SA 3

Home Network

AAA+

Router
AAA+

IPSec SA 2
IPSec SA 4

User

Correspondent
Node
Security Associations
IPSec SA 1 - between security gateways
IPSec SA 2 - between AAA servers
IPSec SA 3 - between user/terminal and mobility manager
IPSec SA 4 - between user/terminal and correspondent
node

Mobility
Manager

HA

IP Mobility Hand Over

Mobility
Manager

Router

Home Network

Security
Gateway

Security
Gateway

5
Router

2a
Router

Mobility
Manager

Router 9

10

AAA+

AAA+

DNS

Visited Network
2

LSF
4

Router

7a

Internet
Mobility
Manager

Security
Gateway

9a
9

11

Router

8
Router

AAA+

Serving Network

Correspondent
Node

Capabilities Of Mobile IP
User identity and Addressability
Signaling and packet routing
Authentication and Authorisation
Security associations
Mobile client functionality
IP industry compatibility

How Does It Look like?

Haroon@SubNet1 is at home.
Please ensure his data
comes here.
HA

FA

Internet Backbone

At home

FA

Haroon@SubNet1 is in our CDMA network.

Please ensure his data
comes here.
HA

Internet Backbone

On the road

How Does It Look like?

Haroon@SubNet1 is at work.
Please ensure his data
comes here.

FA

HA

Internet Backbone

Why certainly, we have an arrangement

with your Network operator. I can register
you with free run of the house wireless LAN.

Enterprise LAN

At the office
FA

Haroon@SubNet1 is in our hotel.

Please ensure his data comes here.

In a hotel
Internet Backbone

HA

Roaming in IMS

Usser can roam in the CS (circuit switched) and IMS in different

Combinations (being in CS directed to IMS and opposite)

IMS layered architecture

Acronyms in the IMS scheme

CSCF Call Session Control Function
PDF Policy Decision Function
BGCF Breakout Gateway Control Function
MRFC Mutlimedia Resource Function Controller
MRFP Multimedia Resource Function Processor
MGCF Multimedia Gateway Control Function
MGW Multimedia Gateway Function
SGW Signalling Gateway
SEG Security Gateway
SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node
IMMGW Internet Multimedia Gateway

HSS Home Subscriber Server

HSS has functions for CS and PS networks:

Home Location Register HLR with Authentication Center AUC

Signalling conversion in SGW

Protocols from IMS domain (SIP) have to be converted to the CS domain

IMS Architecture

RAN Radio Access Network

SLP Subscription Locator Function
UE User Equipment

Some reference points:

Gm connection of UE to IMS (for SIP)
Mw connection between CSCFs
Cx subscriber and service data
Dx connection to SLF (Sub. Locator Func.

Conclusion
IMS is a complicated system satisfying all
possible multimedia requirements
IMS will coexist with CS system
At some point in the future all-IP systems
may by used exclusively

MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS
PERSPECTIVES

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS INTEGRATE

ALL THE COMPONENTS DESCRIBED
IN THIS COURSE:
- SERVERS
- NETWORKS
- CLIENTS
- SOFTWARE
- CONTENT

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

WHAT WILL BE THE FUTURE IN MULTIMEDIA

SYSTEMS?
WHAT IS HAPENNING RIGHT NOW IS THAT
NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND MULTIMEDIA
SYSTEMS ARE COMING ALL THE TIME,
ESPECIALLY IN THE MOBILE AREA
-TERMINALS
-NETWORKS
-SOFTWARE
MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

Historical development

From mobile phone

to smartphone

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

MOBILE PHONES EVOLVED INTO MOBILE MEDIA

AND SERVICE DEVICES
THEY CHALLENGE PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS,
VIDEO CAMCORDERS, PORTABLE MUSIC
PLAYERS, GAME CONSOLES AND SERVICE ACCESS
DEVICES

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

Heterogenous networking
From GSM radio network via Bluetooth to
WIRELESS BROADBAND or
From tens of kilobits to megabits per second

3G onboard

WLAN onboard

4G onboard

ALL onboard
MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

SO WE MAY THINK THAT MOST DEVICES

WILL BE MEDIA DEVICES AND CONNECTED BY
WIRELESS.
HOW THIS MAY HAPPEN? IN THE FUTURE
WE WILL HAVE HUGE RANGE OF APPLICATIONS
AND SERVICES:

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

WE WILL HAVE VARIETY OF TERMINAL

DEVICES....

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

NETWORKING PLATFORMS WILL BE

INTEGRATING ONE DEVICE WILL BE
ABLE TO CONNECT TO DIFFERENT NETWORKS

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

HOWEVER, ALL THESE NETWORKS WILL

BE BASED ON THE IP PROTOCOL:

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

HERE WE MOVE TO IP PROTOCOL

HERE THE BANDWIDTH GROWS

HERE ARE DIFFERENT NETWORK TYPES
MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

From Telephone to Internet

Telephone network for speech
Internet for data and everything

WLAN

IP networking is the future

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

New data transfer ways

From: person-to-person phone call
To: Data center-to-mass public
- TV
- Multicast Internet

3G MBMS
Multimedia
Broadcast &
Multicast

WLAN IP Multicast

Massive distribution of content is

possible rather soon
MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

What is mobile device?

camera

camcorder

TV

radio

makeup device?

game

PDA

Swiss army knife?

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

The Service Case: Mobile IPod

IPod,
Portable
Music
Player

Music Web shop

Mobile Music device
with hard disc

Mobile device is an IPod, and phone,

and much more.

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

And the final destination...

LONG IN THE FUTURE.

TECHNOLOGY MAY BECOME INVISIBLE

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

MULTIMEDIA SERVICES
MANY INNOVATIONS ARE POSSIBLE
IN THIS AREA:
- CONTENT, NETWORKING AND USER
NEEDS ARE IMPORTANT
- SERVICE IDEA IS NOT SIMPLE TO
GET
- PRESENT SERVICES: TV, VIDEO,
GAMES they look traditional in a way

INNOVATIVE SERVICES
THEY ARE POSSIBLE BUT ONE HAS TO
HAVE INNOVATIVE IDEA.
HOW TO GET AN IDEA??? No rules for
this, one has to think about it

INNOVATIVE SERVICE
EXAMPLE
NEW SERVICES ARE POSSIBLE BUT
ONE HAS TO HAVE INNOVATIVE IDEA.
HOW TO GET AN IDEA??? No rules for
this, one has to think about it.
Example: service for fitness called iFit,
www.ifit.com

iFit service example

Service idea:
Many people are concerned with fitness and buy
specialized devices like fitness bikes and treadmills
Treadmill is a substittute for running when
when it is cold, rainy or unsuitable surrounds
BUT, running on a treadmill is boring without
any new visual stimulation

SERVICE IDEA

Install display in the treadmill and show

running tracks in it

There will be new visual stimulation

making running less boring

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IDEA

How to realize this, since users want new

tracks?
Solution: Use Google Streetview and maps
Users can design their own tracks then
BUT, running requires that the track
changes with the progress of running
How to do this?

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IDEA

Solution: Built network connection into the

fitness device:
Wireless module inserted into device

Now the fitness device may send and

receive control signals about the speed and
Incline. Device operation is synchronized
with the running track

SERVICE IMPLEMENTATION

This service requires special fitness

devices compatible with wireless
connectivity user has to buy it
Company charges monthly fee for providing
Web site which displays the track and
provides synchronization and tools.
THIS IS EXAMPLE OF INNOVATIVE
MULTIMEDIA SERVICE

CONCLUSIONS TO THIS COURSE:

WE WILL SEE HUGE PROGRESS IN MULTIMEDIA

SYSTEMS IN THE FUTURE.
SYSTEMS WILL BECOME MUCH MORE COMPLEX
NETWORKS WILL BE BROADBAND WIRELESS.
INFORMATION WILL BE DOWNLOADED ONLY
BY NETWORKS, PHYSICAL CARRIERS (LIKE E.G.
CD) WILL BE DISAPPEARING.

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE