Personal

Hygiene

What is it???
Hygiene : Health
Personal hygiene
: the self care
measures people
use to maintain
their health

Is it important for nurse???

Why???
Lets discuss!!!

PURPOSE OF NURSE
PROVIDED HYGIENE
Remove
microorganisms
Do physical
assessment
Increase
circulation
Distal to proximal
Return to heart

Improve self
image
Provide comfort
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Factor
Affecting
Personal
Hygiene

???

SOCIOCULTURAL
FACTORS
Bathe daily; not all cultures do
Economics
Some cultures wear items not to
be removed in bath
examples: wigs, head dressings,
medals or shawls

Male nurse only or female nurse

only may be necessary in some
cultures
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SOCIOCULTURAL
FACTORS
Male relative may not allow male
nurse alone with woman patient
Autonomy of patient is paramount;
in others, family makes decisions for
care
Level of education
Nurse accepts all who lovingly
participate
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KNOWLEDGE
May need teaching regarding:
Front to back perineal care
Special foot care for circulatory
problems
Skin inspections by
dermatologist

DEVELOPMENTAL LEVEL:
NEWBORNS
Do not place under
running faucet
Do not submerge
until umbilical cord
drops off
Dry carefully,
especially the head
Place cap after
bath

YOUNG CHILDREN
Children can drown in 2
inches of water; never
leave alone during bathing
No milk or juice bottles in
bed
Wipe off teeth after eating
with soft cloth
Demonstrate on teddy bear
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CHILDREN
Children may have
natural parents,
stepparents, four
sets of
grandparents
For decision
making, some
cultures must ask
father, some must
ask grandmother
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ADOLESCENTS
Modesty
essential
Normal clothes,
not gowns
Bed pans not
acceptable
Allow decision
making
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OLDER ADULTS
Heat
insensitivity;
can burn easily
Foot care
Skin very fragile

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Personal Preferences
In providing hygiene, may
find very personal details
Report on need to know
basis
Decide together on what to
take further
Must break personal
preferences if signs of abuse
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Physical Condition
Patient receiving
chemotherapy
Patient receiving radiation
therapy
Unconscious patient
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Hygiene Care Schedule

Early morning care: Urinal/bedpan,
wash hands and face, brush teeth
Morning care: After breakfast, complete
bath or shower, hair care, nail care, oral
care, back rub, linen change
Afternoon care: straighten linen, offer
urinal/bedpan/commode, wash
hands/face
Evening care: Elimination, wash hands
and face, oral care, linen straightening,
back rub
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HYGIENE includes:
Care of the skin
Care of the feet
and nails
Oral hygiene
Hair care
Care of the eyes,
ears, and nose
Clients room
environment
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Diskusi kasus
1. Ny. A usia 50 tahun di rawat di RS terkena
hipertensi dan stroke. Ny. A tampak kotor dan
pergerakan terbatas. Kulit tampak kemerahan
terutama bagian yang terdapat penekanan..
Berdasarkan kasus diatas:
1. Pengkajian fokus apa yang saudara lakukan
terkait personal hygiene klien
2. Diagnosa keperawatan apa yang muncul
3. Intervensi apa yang saudara lakukan untuk
pemenuhan personal hygiene klien
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tugas
Carilah 1 jurnal setiap kelompok yang terkait
dengan personal hygiene:
- Lakukan jurnal sharing:
- Topik/judul jurnal
- Tujuan
- Hasil jurnal

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Care of Skin

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SKIN
Regulates body temperature
First line of defense against
harm
Antibacterial and antifungal
Transmits sensations
Signs of problems
Redness (erythema)
Wet
Not intact
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PATIENTS AT RISK FOR

SKIN PROBLEMS

Altered level of consciousness

Altered nutrition
Immobility
Dehydration
Altered sensation
Secretions on skin
Mechanical devices, restraints
Altered venous circulation
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Nursing Diagnosis
Impaired skin integrity related
to immobilization, exposure to
chemical irritants
Hygiene self care deficit :
bathing related to pain in
hands, forced immobilization,
musculoskeletal weakness
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NURSING
INTERVENTIONS
Goals :
- Client will have intact skin
- Client will be free of odors
Expected outcomes :
- Skin will be without redness
- Skin will be warm, soft, smooth, and
well hydrated
- Odors will be reduced or eliminated
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Continue
Intervention :
Bathe client daily
Dry skin
thoroughly after
each cleansing
Apply lotion to
skin after bathing
25

NURSING ASSESSMENT
WHILE BATHING
Color and condition
of skin
Pain on movement
Level of
consciousness
Injuries
Scars
Skin turgor
Nevi
Weight loss or gain
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PERINEAL CARE
Professionalism always
Female
Always sterile to contaminated
(urethra to rectum)

Male
Assess for circumcision
If not, cleanse under foreskin and
replace
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Care of the feet and

nails

28

Common Foot & Nail

Problems
Callus
Corns
Plantar warts
Ingrown nails
Rams horn
nails
Paronychia
Foot odors

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Nursing Diagnosis
Pain related to callus formation,
ingrown toenails
Impaired physical mobility related
to painful foot lesion
Impaired skin integrity related to
improper nail-cutting practices,
friction of shoes, injury to nail
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FOOT CARE
Soak feet as part of bath
Clean toes and toenails
Teach as you go
Range of motion of legs
Feet of diabetic patients and
patients with vascular disease
are inspected carefully; Never
cut toenails of these patients
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NAIL CARE
Observe circulation; color,
capillary refill time
Observe color, sensation, and
movement (CSM)
Cut nails straight across and file
smooth; Do not go down into
corners
Assess for rings too tight or too
loose
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Oral hygiene

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Oral Hygiene
Common oral problems :
Dental caries
Periodontal diseases

Nursing Diagnosis :
Altered oral mucous membrane
related to radiation of oral cavity
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MOUTH CARE
Examine with gloves and light,
especially smokers
Use only water soluble lubricants
Unconscious patient has no gag
reflex, position on side for care
Teach about brushing and
flossing

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Hair care

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Hair and Scalp

Problems
Dandruff
Pediculosis (Lice)
Pediculosis Capitis (Head Lice)
Pediculosis Corporis (Body Lice)
Pediculosis Pubis (Crab Lice)

Hair Loss (Alopecia)

37

Nursing Diagnosis
Impaired skin integrity related
to scalp laceration
Pain related to scalp lesion,
accumulated secretions in hair
Body image disturbance related
to unkempt physical appearance
Risk for infection related to
scalp laceration
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Nursing Interventions

Brushing
Combing
Shampooing
Mustache and
beard care

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Care of the eyes, ears,

and nose

40

Nursing Diagnosis
Sensory perceptual alterations
(visual, auditory, or olfactory)
related to obstruction in ear canal,
nasal obstruction, inflammation of
eyes or local eye infection
Risk injury related to decrease of
visual, auditory, or olfactory
function
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EYE CARE

Contact lenses usually removed

Stored in saline liquid; case labeled
Also label and safeguard glasses in drawer
Clean inner to outer canthus
Patient must be able to blink to protect
cornea
Never use cotton near eyes
Treat each eye separately
Eyes considered sterile
42

EARS
Allow nothing sharp in ears
Hearing aids now miniscule in
size dont lose! Label case
Cerumen in ears may need
softening and removing
Speak directly to patients
face
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Continue

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Clients room
environment

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BEDMAKING
Make bed for
patient comfort
If incontinent,
wash, rinse, dry,
change linen
Position as
ordered

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Procedure bed making

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NURSE SAFETY IN
BEDMAKING
Raise bed to
working height
Face patient
Conserve steps
Dont lift alone
Side rails as
ordered
Lower bed and
place call bell
when leaving
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Any Questions ???

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