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Grinding

Grinding is a surface finishing operation

where very thin layer of material is removed
in the form of dust particles.
Thickness of material removed is in range of
0.25 to 0.50 mm.
Tool used is a abrasive wheel.

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Abrasives

Abrasive is the material employed for

sharpening, grinding and polishing
operations.
Natural abrasive emery, corundum,
quartz, sandstone, diamond, etc.
Artificial abrasive carborundum,
aloxite, alundum, etc.

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Applications of abrasives

Corundum : is a natural mineral which consists

of aluminium oxide. Hardest natural substance
after diamond.
Used for shaping, finishing and polishing other tools.

Emery : natural abrasive consisting of

aluminium oxide and little amount of iron
oxide.
Silicon carbide : synthetic abrasive harder than
aluminium oxide.

Used to grind metals like iron, brass and soft bronze.

Used in non metals like wood and leather industries.

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Zirconia aluminia : it is a mixture of

zirconium oxide and aluminium oxide.
Used in casting and foundry industries.

Cubic boron nitride : is made up of

boron nitride with a cubic crystalline
structure.
Used for hard coating material.

Diamond :
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Bonding materials

These are adhesives which holds the

abrasive grains together.
Vitrified process :
Silicate process :
Elastic process :
Rubber or vulcanite process :

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Grinding machines

Grinding machine is a power operated

machine tool where, the work piece is fed
against constantly rotating abrasive wheel
to remove thin layer of material from
work.

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Principle of grinding
machines

Work piece is fed against the rotating abrasive

wheel.
Due to action of rubbing or friction between the
abrasive particles and work piece material is
removed.

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Classification of grinding
machine

Bench grinding machine

Surface grinding machine
Cylindrical grinding machine
Center less grinding machine
Internal grinding machine
Special purpose grinding machine

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Surface grinding
machine

It is machine basically used to grind flat

surface.
Job is mounted to a table which moves
longitudinally as well as in transverse
direction.
Manual feed or power feed.
Work piece can clamped in two ways
Manual clamps.
Magnetic chuck.
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Internal pump and piping arrangement for

coolant.
Protective guard for safety.

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Base
Column
Table traverse
and vertical feed
hand wheel.
Wheel guard
and protective
guard.

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Working
Work piece is clamped to the table by

operating magnetic chuck.

Required grade of grinding tool is fixed to
spindle.
Grinding operation is carried out be
operating both table traverse wheel and
vertical feed hand wheel.

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Cylindrical grinding
machine

It is a process of grinding curved surfaces.

Surface may be straight or tapered.
Work piece is mounted on two centers, one
is tailstock centre and the other is headstock
centre.
Head stock center may or may not revolve.

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Centre less grinding

machine

It is used to grind curved surface work piece

which are long and slender.
Work piece rests on a work-rest blade and is
backed by a second wheel called as
regulating wheel.
Grinding wheel pushes the work piece down
the work-rest blade against the regulating
wheel.

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16