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Annelida
Annelida
Annelida
marine fishermen.
Tubifex or Red worms used by aquarists to feed
their fish.
Leeches for medicinal purposes.
Fan Worms & Bristle worms Polychaetes
General charateristics
Bilaterally symmetrical and vermiform.
Body has more than two cell layers, tissues and
organs.
septa.
Annelid Characteristics
Defining Characteristics
One or more pairs of
chitinous setae
polychaetes,
earthworms, leeches,
and vestimentiferans
True
segmented worms
Metameric segmentation
Phylum Annelida
Body Structure
The body is a tube
within a tube
The
coelom is
important to
annelids for:
Phylum Annelida
Locomotion
On each side of the
animal is a parapod
(parapodia) consisting
of fleshly lobes, which
are supported by
chitinous rods
Each parapod have
setae, which can be
sharp (protection),
and aid in locomotion
Phylum Annelida
Digestive System
11
Phylum Annelida
Circulatory System
Blood flows entirely
in closed vessels
Some spp. have
hearts
Blood contains
hemoglobin, which
increases oxygen
carrying ability
Phylum Annelida
12
Nervous
system
Phylum Annelida
13
Reproduction
Sexes are usually separate with gonads occurring
in each segment
Some species have gonad specific segments
Phylum Annelida
Asexual reproduction
Many other taxa (eg. most earthworms) cannot reproduce this way,
though they can regrow amputated segments.
Sexual reproduction
Mate by copulation.
Taxonomic Summary
Phylum
Annelida
Class Polychaeta
Family Siboglinidae
Class Clitellata
Subclass
Oligochaeta
Subclass Hirudinea
Phylum Annelida
17
Classification
Annelid Phylogeny
Class Polychaeta
- largest
group of annelids and the majority are
marine (Fan worms, Bristle worms etc.).
Class Clitellata
Oligochaeta includes earthworms
which
are
both
aquatic
and
terrestrial,
and tubificids. As
traditionally defined, the Oligochaeta
are paraphyletic.
Leeches (Hirudinea) - These include
both bloodsucking external parasites
and predators of small invertebrates.
Acanthobdellidea and Branchiobdella
- small leech-like clitellates.
Class Polychaeta
Most
or
Class
Polychaeta
Defining characteristics
Parapodia?
22
Class
Polychaet
a Highly specialized head
regions
Antennae
Sensory palps
Feeding appendages
Bispira bunnea
sabellid worm
(parapodia)
Often tube-dwelling
Burrow into substrate and secrete mucus
Polychaete
Anatomy
Polychaete Anatomy
(cross section)
Parapodia
used for movement
Chaetae
Each parapodium 2 bundles of chaetae
New chaetae produced by chaetal sac when older chaetae lost
or shed
Chaeta used to improve traction for locomotion through
sediment or over surfaces
Tips of chaeta needles/hooks/serrated blades
Some chaeta spatule shovels for digging
Some chaeta - swimming
Head
region
of
polychaete prostomium
+ peristomium and one
or
more
additional
segments
Sensory
appendages
of
prostomium (antennae, palps),
peristomium (tentacular cirri),
parapodia (dorsal and ventral
cirri), pygidium (pygidial cirri)
sensory cells
Mechanoreceptors,
chemoreceptors
Eyes
Circulatory system
A closed circulatory system is
circulatory
system
is
absent
in
many
small
polychaetes.
Digestive system
Many species consolidate their feces into high density fecal pellets
or strings - tend not to resuspend or reenter burrow or tubes
Ways of feeding
lying in its burrow and
continually ingesting
sand (up to 23 hours
a day!).
Arenicola (Arenicolidae)
Comprised
of
many
radioles
which
are
modified grooved palps.
The
current
passes
through the radioles and
food particles are trapped
on
the
pinnules
and
carried into the ciliated
groove by cilia.
palps
extended
gathering food.
for
Food
particles
are
collected in the grooved
palps which have cilia as
well as mucus.
Terebellid polychaete
A
worm
may
permanently
occupy its tube enlarging
growth. (eg. Chaetopterus and
feather-duster worms)
Locomotion
divided into 2 groups
Active, mobile species - swim/crawl
burrowing species
Spend their lives in simple burrows in sediment or in
protective tubes
Parapodia greatly reduced, some species absent
Acicula are absent
Lack protusible pharynx
Polychaete Lifestyles
Crawling polychaetes
Pelagic polychaetes
Burrowing polychaetes
Tube-dwelling
polychaetes
40
Phylum Annelida
Polychaeta
Amphitrite
Arenicola sp.
Sabellid
Polychaeta
Chaetopterus
sp.
Siboglinidae
(formerly - Phylum Pogonophora)
Riftia pachyptila
Ridgea sp
trophosome
Riftia pachyptila
Bobbit worms
Eunice spp.
Featherduster worms
Polychaete
Reproduction
Dioecious
Trochophore larvae
Some species develop specialized
Polychaete
Reproduction
Epitokes
are
essentially
buds
Clues to ancestral
origin of
segmentation
Segmentation may
Class Clitellata
Subclass Oligochaeta
Defining characteristics
Pronounced cylindrical
51
Class Oligochaeta
Polychaetes and
Oligochaetes
Oligochaetes differ
from polychaetes in
several ways:
No parapods, fewer
Phylum Annelida
53
Oligochaete Anatomy
Oligochaete Anatomy
Oligochaete Excretory
System
Oligochaete Reproduction
Oligochaete Development
For terrestrial oligochaetes,
Common Terrestrial
Oligocheates: Earthworms
Octagonal-tail worm (Dendrobaena octaedra)
Red marsh worm (Lumbricus rubellus)
Dew-worm or nightcrawler (Lumbricus
terrestris)
Pink soil worm (Aporrectodea rosea)
Canadian worm (Aporrectodea tuberculata)
Pasture worm (Aporrectodea turgida)
Woodland white worm (Octolasion tyrtaeum)
Redworm (Eisenia fetida )
Morphology
Number & location of
GTs and TPs,
location & shape of
clitellum
Aporrectodea turgida
Lumbricus rubellus
Ecology
Location of burrows
Aquatic
Oligocheates
Hirudinea
Leech Anatomy
Anterior sucker is small
66
Leech Reproduction
Leeches are
simultaneous
hermaphrodites that
lack a free-living larvae
stage
Fertilization is internal
through copulation
Development occurs in
a cocoon similar to the
Oligochaetes
Phylum Annelida
68