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Whiplash Injury: Presenter: Dr. Md. Kamrul Islam D-Ortho Student, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery BSMMU, Dhaka
Whiplash Injury: Presenter: Dr. Md. Kamrul Islam D-Ortho Student, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery BSMMU, Dhaka
Whiplash Injury: Presenter: Dr. Md. Kamrul Islam D-Ortho Student, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery BSMMU, Dhaka
Presenter :
Dr. Md. Kamrul Islam
D-ortho Student ,
Department Of Orthopaedic Surgery
BSMMU, Dhaka
ANOTHER NAME
SPRAINED NECK
DEFINITION
Whiplash is a neck injury that can
occur during rear-end automobile
collisions, when head suddenly
moves backward and then forwardsimilar to the motion of someone
cracking a whip.
These extreme motions push neck
muscles and ligaments beyond
their normal range of motion.
CAUSES
Auto
Pathophysiology a Sprain
Majority of whiplash injuries arise in soft tissue injury to neck
involving ligaments, joints, joint capsules, muscles and tendons
Atlanto-Axial Joint
Mechanism Of Injury
Flexion Injuries
Head-on
collision
Falling face forward
Forcible forward flexion
Structures primarily injured
Disc
Nerve root
Vertebral body
Compression
Subluxation
Extension injury
Rear
ended collision
Falling backwards
Forcible extension of the neck
Structures injured
Facet joints
Muscles
Vertebral artery
Mixed Injuries
Flexion-rotation
Extension-rotation
Vertical
compression
Structures injured
Multiple structures
Muscles and ligaments
Clinical Presentation
Neck
pain
Upper back pain
Headaches
Radiating pain to the occiput,
shoulders, arms
Neurological symptoms
Numbness, weakness
Remote
Evaluation
History
Evaluation
Physical
examination
Muscolo-skeletal exam
Range of motion (cervical spine and shoulders +
arms)
Palpation
Neurological exam
Sensory and motor examination
Reflexes
Gait
Investigations
Plain x-ray
MRI
CT Scan
EMG/NCV
Management
Multi-modal approach
Interventions
Physical therapy
Pharmaceuticals
Flexion injuries
Disc
injury
Surgical approach
Percutaneous decompression
Nerve
root
Steroid injections
Cervical epidural
Transforaminal approach vs. interlaminar
approach
Extension Injuries
Subluxations
Surgical approach
Facet
joint injury
injury
Physical therapy
WAD 0
No complaints or physical signs
WAD 1
Neck complaints but no physical signs
WAD 2
Neck complaints and musculoskeletal signs
WAD 3
Neck complaints and neurological signs
WAD 4
Neck complaints and fracture /
dislocation
Prevention
Head
3
restraints
Summary