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3G Wireless
3G Wireless
Tanuj Gilja
Keith
Introduction
Imagine the possibilities of
connectivity!
Scenarios:
– Traveler from New York to Tokyo
– Insurance appraiser at the scene of
a natural disaster
– Paramedics capturing visuals of a
victim’s injuries
Evolution of Wireless
Systems
Radio telephony during World War I
Wireless telephones in late 1940’s
– Provided only basic half-duplex voice
– Used analog technology
Evolved into full-duplex 1G systems in
the 1960’s
From 1G to 3G…
- 1G -
Started in the early to mid 1960’s
offering simple wireless voice services
based on analog technology
Were very limited in capacity and did
not extend across geographic areas
Systems using 1G :
AMPS, TACS, and NMT
From 1G to 3G…
- 2G -
Developed in Europe and the US to provide
better voice quality, higher capacity as well
as lower power consumption
Offer support for simple non-voice services
like SMS (simple messaging service)
2G technologies do not interoperate
Difficult roaming between countries using
different systems
Cannot meet subscriber demands for new,
faster non-voice services on the move
What is 2.5G Wireless?
Also known as Interim Generation
GPRS (General Packet Radio service) &
EDGE (Enhanced Data rate for GSM
Evolution)
– Provides options for higher data rate while
building on existing 2G systems
GPRS -> 171.2 kbps theoretical max bit rate
EDGE -> 384 kbps bit rate
3G Wireless Systems
3G Wireless Systems are the new generation
of systems that offer high bandwidth and
support digital voice along with multimedia
and global roaming.
Globally, different systems are being used, so,
to migrate to globally acceptable systems,
numerous standardization activities were
carried out and three systems emerged: W-
CDMA, CDMA2000, and TD-SCDMA
3G System Capabilities
2G 2.5G 3G
Comparison of Generations
1G 2G
System Analogue Digital
W
Major Systems AMPS,NMT,TACS GSM,CDMA,TDMA
Depends on 14
Speed 9.6kbps to 14.4kbps
Analogue Signal 2
C aInsert
r r i e rParameters
s p a c i n g of WCDMA
5 M H z (n
table here
D o w n l i n k R F c h a n n e l s t Dr ui rce t uc tr es
C h ip r a te 3 .8 4 M
F r a m e le n g th 10 m s
N u m b e r o f s lo ts /fr a m e 15
S p r e a d i n g m o Bd ua l a tni oc en d Q P S K
W-CDMA……..cont.
C h a n n e l m u l ti p l e x i n gC ionn tr o l a n d p i l o t c h a n n e l ti m e m u l ti p l e x e d . F o r th e
u p lin k a n d c o n tr o l c h a n n e l s I a n d Q m u l ti p l e x i n g
M u l ti r a te V a r i a b l e sp r e a d i n g a n d m u l ti c o d e
S p r e a d i n g fa c to r s 4 - 256
P o w e r c o n tr o l O p e n a n d fa st c l o se d l o o p (1 . 6 k H z )
V a r i a b l e l e n g th o r th o g o n a l se q u e n c e s fo r c h a n n e
S p r e a d i n g (d o w n l i n kse) p a r a ti o n . G o l d se q1 8ufo e nr cceesl l 2a n d u se r se p a r a ti o n
(tr u n c a te d c y c l e 1 0 m s)
V a r i a b l e l e n g th o r th o g o n a l se q u e n c e s fo r c h a n n e
se p a r a ti o n , g o l d se q1 8ufoe rn c e l 2l a n d u se r se p a r a ti o n
S p r e a d i n g (u p l i n k )
(d i ffe r e n t ti m e sh i fts i n I a n d Q c h a n n e l , tr u n c a te d c y
m s)
H a n d o ve r S o ft h a n d o v e r , I n te r fr e q u e n c y h a n d o v e r
More on 3G…
CDMA – Multi-Carrier (CDMA2000)
– Uses 3.6864 Mcps which is 3 x 1.2288
Mcps that was used for the old CDMA
one. They both use a 1.25 MHz channel
and this effectively translates into 5MHz
bandwidth (3.6864 x 1.25).
CDMA – TDD (Ultra TDD & TD-SCDMA
– Used only in China
CDMA2000 Evolution
Entertainment
•Audio on demand
•Games
•Video clips
•Virtual sightseeing
3G / WLAN Integration
Why Integrate ?
– To have access to high-bandwidth
access where WLAN coverage is
offered, while accessing wide area
coverage of 3G at other places.
Problems : -
Continuity of Sessions.
Security.
Implementing 3G and
WLAN
Architecture
- Functionalities include reuse of
3G subscription, network
selection, 3G system based
authentication, authorization and
security using SIM/USIM card
- WLAN access will rely on existing
820.11 standards
Implementing 3G and
WLAN
Security – Problem in WLANs
– Not too much of a problem in 3G, as
the 3G Wireless component of the
integration provides the necessary
security features.
Implementing 3G and
WLAN
Tightly coupled
- uses a 3G core network to
access
WLAN
Loosely coupled (preferred)
- uses a WLAN gateway to directly
access the internet
Key Parameters of 3G and 4G Systems
3G 4G
Frequency
1.8 - 2.5 GHz 2 - 8 GHz
Band
Bandwidth 5 - 20 MHz 5 - 20 MHz
Up to 2 Mbps (384
Data Rate Up to 20 Mbps
Kbps deployed)
W - CDMA / CDMA MC - CDMA or OFDMA
Access
2000 / TD -SCDMA (TDMA)
Switching Circuit / Packet Packet
Mobile top
200 Km/h 200 Km/h
speeds
Conclusion
3G technologies promise to deliver a lot
and are slowly being put into effect.
We have already started seeing the early
features of 3G technologies being
implemented in our phones, i.e., the video
phones in the market.
It remains to be seen how much of the
promised features and applications are
actually implemented in today’s economy.
However, they have been slow in coming
in. Let’s see what the future holds…
REFERENCES
We are thankful to : -
Books / Periodicals
Websites
– About/Cellphones
<http://cellphones.about.com/library/glossary/bldef_3g_wireless.htm>
– White Paper on ‘WCDMA’, InterDigital, Inc.
<http://www.interdigital.com/tech_products_wcdma.shtml>
– www.3g-generation.com
– www.fcc.gov
– www.cdg.org
– www.3gsm.org
– www.3g-newsroom.com
Two Questions for
Exam
Any questions ?