INTRODUCTION TO PVC

Polyvinyl (PVC) is a widely-used

plastic.

Globally, over 50% of all PVC

manufactured is used in construction
PVC has been replacing traditional
building materials such as wood,
concrete and clay in many areas.
Superiority of PVC over other materials
Strong and lightweight
Easy installation
Durable
Cost effective
Safe

PVC panel

Physical properties
They can withstand a continuous temperature of 60C.
Density [g/cubic cm] = 1.1-1.35
As a result pvc is Durable a life of 40-70 years
Flexible and elastic
Oil and chemical resistance
Variety
Prevents microbal growth
Chemically inert
Fire retardent

PVC wall panel

INTERIORS
Framework
Furniture
Dismantlable

Wall cladding
As a cheaper
alternative
Variety in texture,
shape and style

PVC pipes
Lesser leaks
Rust proof
Lightweight

Flooring
Environment friendly
Less sound and scratches
Choice in finishes
Treatable

EXTERIORS
Wrapping
London Olympics stadium
Cost and recycling

Fencing
Cost and durability
To mark boundary

Decking
Aesthetics and sturdiness

Fencing
For demarkation and
low maintanance
Fences gazebos bridges

ADVANTAGES

Easy and fast to install: One can easily cut the panels to size
and install them. Compared to tiles, they take about half time.

Water resistant: PVC panels are very popular in the bathroom

and kitchen areas as they are water-repellent and mould
resistant.

Hygienic: PVC panels provide a very clean and hygienic

solution for wall and ceiling decoration. PVC is mould-repellent
and not a suitable material for bacterial growth.

Low maintenance: PVC are low maintenance, and cleaning

does not take long. A simple cloth can be used to clean the
surface. Do not use chlorinated or abrasive agents.

Safe: PVC is self-extinguishable and does not burn by itself,

once the external flame is withdrawn.

Recyclable: PVC is 100% recyclable. Their panels can be

taken to any plastic recycling centre.

Insulating: PVC panels are insulating as well (R-value 2.25),

which is an advantage when PVC panels are used in garages,
basements or similar locations.

DISADVANTAGES
One of the biggest arguments against PVC as a
material is that it makes use of chlorine, which is a
dangerous and toxic gas in its natural state.
Over time they may break down in such a way that
minute traces of chlorine are introduced into the
air. Although PVC, especially heavily plasticized
PVC, has been found to be quite safe for long term
use.
PVC is not the most attractive type of wall/ ceiling
covering. Many people think of PVC as inferior in
appearance and choose to avoid it for aesthetic
reasons.

Market survey
PVC jalli : Rs 10/- sq ft
Carpet : Rs 56/- sq ft
Wall panels : Rs 70-80/- sq ft

ALUMINIUM
Aluminium is a chemical element in the boron
group with symbol Al and atomic number 13. It is a
silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic, ductile metal.
Aluminium is the third most abundant element,
and the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust.

PROPERTIES

DURABLE :- Aluminium building products that are weatherproof, corrosion-resistant and immune to the harmful effects
of UV rays.
FLEXIBLE :- Aluminium can be shaped, welded, screwed and
cut into dynamic 3-D shapes. Products may be manufactured
flat, curved.
LIGHT AND STRONG :-The incredible high strength-toweight ratio of aluminium makes it possible to design light
structures with exceptionally stability.
RECYCLED :- Aluminium however, is recycled in a way that
pays for itself. Aluminium components can usually be recycled
in a single process using up to 95% less energy.
EFFEICIENT :- The high reflectivity of some aluminium alloys
makes it a very efficient material for light management.
ECONOMIC :- Besides routine cleaning for aesthetic reasons,
neither bare nor painted aluminium requires any
maintenance.
SYMPATHETIC :-The wide variety of surface finishes and
colours available, such as anodizing or coating, ensures that
the high aesthetic demands made by architects can be
fulfilled and the application potential of aluminium can be
extended even further cost advantage over the lifetime of a
product.

USES IN EXTERIOR OF A BUILDING

USES IN INTERNAL OF A
BUILDING

Ceiling
system

Furniture

Doors
Elevator cab

Venetian
blinds

hecker plate
looring

Sig
ns

Partition wall

INSTALLATION PROCESS

ADVANTAGES

Reusability of the Building Kit System

components finished constructions are
easy to expand, adjust and modify by
flexible item components
Easy assembly of the prefabricated item
parts item ensures high tolerance.
Labour-saving and cost-cutting no
special tool (like welding sets) needed for
assembly
Aluminium naturally generates a
protective oxide coating, no painting is
necessary
Good thermal conductivity aluminium
retains its great hardness under load, even
at low temperatures
Easy to clean due to the strength of the
anodic coating
non-toxic
Economic recycling of the material only
about 5 percent of the energy required to
produce the initial primary metal is

DISADVANTAGES

Aluminium doors will oxidate.

This oxidation appears as
white residue and pitting
(cavity).
Aluminium can be waterstained easily.
Aluminium can corrode
quickly if suitable precautions
against electrolysis are not
taken.
Welding of Aluminium
requires specialized
MARKET SURVEY
equipment and training
Checker Plate: Rs180- 200/- per kg (3mm)
compared to standard welding
Kitchen sink : Rs 3900/- (37 x 18)
ofLock:
steelRs
. 40/- Hinge: Rs 30/Aluminium window frame: Rs 1500/- (1 m x
1m)
Aluminium Grill: Rs 80/- per foot
Aluminium door section: Rs 240/- 15foot

STEEL
Steelsarealloysofironand other elements, primarilycarbon, widely used
in construction and other applications because of their hightensile
strengthsand low costs. Carbon, other elements, and inclusions within iron
act as hardening agents that prevent the movement ofdislocations.

TYPES

Tool Steels

Stainless Steels

Carbon Steels Alloy Stee

P
R
O
P
E
R
T
I
E
S

EXTERNAL

INTERNAL

INSTALLATION PROCESS

ADVANTAGES
Structural performance of steel has a
very high yield stress both in taking
compression and tension. As a result
of this, the amount of steel used in
building to produce the equivalent
performance is much less than that of
using ordinary reinforced concrete.
Construction Speed casing structural
steel may normally be faster than insitu concrete. Most structural steel
members can be pre-fabricated offsite, this can allow other site works
such as the construction of the
foundation, the central core or the
erection of other members to be done
at the same time and shorten the
critical time in waiting for the
completion of the other required
members.
Maintenance cost for buildings in
structural steel construction is
reasonable when compare to other
forms of construction, especially
when the design, workmanship and
protection treatment during
construction is effective and sound.

DISADVANTAGES

Has to be welded by
specialists
Has to be prevented against
weld splatter
Protective equipment required
Machine for mounting and
sawing required
No corrosion resistance
material has to be painted
High transport weight
Complex cleaning of steel
surfaces risk of rust film
Material is often unnecessarily
oversized for applications and
constructions

MARKET SURVEY
STEEL JALLI : 21- 40/- SQ
FT
304 Grade steel used
outside
202 Grade steel used
indoor
Steel handle : 750 per
pair

Gypsum
Gypsum is a rock like mineral commonly found in the earths crust,
extracted, processed and used by Man in construction or decoration
in the form of plaster and alabaster since 9000 B.C.
Properties:
1. Fire Properties
.Fire Resistant
.Non-combustible
2. Acoustic Properties
3. Thermal Properties :
Gypsum equilibrates humidity and
heat peaks
4. Aesthetics and Design
5. Ease of Installation

Uses
Be added to some bread and dough mixes as a Calcium source
and baking aid.
Be used as a filler and fi re retardant in plastic products.
Be used in Portland cement and special cement products for set
and expansion control.
Be a source of Calcium and Sulphate Sulphur for plant growth.
Be used as a modelling material for tooth restorations.
Be an ingredient in many patching compounds.
Be used with glass to fabricate large, lightweight architectural
decorations.
Be used as a mold material to fabricate custom body parts for
trucks
and automobiles.
Be an aid in juice extraction of some fruits and vegetables.

In Home Interiors:

A. Plasterboards
Plasterboard is used for partitions and the lining of walls, ceilings, roofs and floors. The
properties of plasterboard can be modified to meet specific requirements, such as fire
resistance, humidity, resistance, impact resistance, etc.
B. Decorative Plaster
Plaster powder, mixed with water, is used to create an effective and aesthetically-pleasing
lining for brick and block walls, and for ceilings.
Gypsum's adaptability in application lends itself to molding and shaping.
C. Building plaster
Gypsum plaster is used for walls and ceilings.

D. Plaster blocks
Gypsum blocks are used for partitions and Gypsum tiles for ceilings.
E. Gypsum-based self-leveling screeds
Anhydrite or Alpha-Hemihydrates are used in the production of self
leveling floor screeds.
F. Gypsum Fiberboards
Gypsum fiberboard is used for partitions and the lining of walls, ceilings,
roofs and floors. Standard Gypsum fiberboard offers good performance
when it comes to impact resistance, sound insulation and humidity
resistance.

MARKET SURVEY

o
o

Gypsum Board USG Boral

Size: 6x4 Price: Rs 325/- Thickness12.5 mm
Plaster board Saint Gobain Gyproc
Size : 6x4 Price: Rs 340/- Thickness 12.5 mm
Sacarni Instand Gysum bond
Quantity: 5 liters Price : 750/Gypsum plaster / One coat plaster
Price 4600 - 5600 per ton i.e. 4.60 or 5.60 per kg
Gypsum POP
Price 4200 5000 per ton i.e. 4.20 or 5 per kg
If buying from a wholesaler, minimum order of 25 ton has to be placed .
Sacarni POP
Weight: 25 kg bag Price: 160/Shreeram POP
Weight : 20 kg Price: 125/Gold lion (local)
Weight : 25kg Price: 140/Gyproc Stico Plaster / NI plaster
Weight 25kg Price: 180/- (stico) and 210/- (NI)
Superfine
Weight 20kg ( 17kg) Price: 75/-

Fly ash waterproof footing

foundation

125 mm gfrg floor is placed

over existing walls.

Reinforcement cage inserted to

act as concealed beam

Placement of gfrg panels onto 10mm

bars from plinth beam.

Stairs are made and 10mm bars

are installed.

Panels for the next floor are

erected and the process is repeated

Placement of
10mm bars in
every third cavity

Addition of concrete is
added to every third
cavity for reinforcement.

after roofing, waterproofing

course is provided.

Properties of copper
Low thermal
movement
Properly designed
copper roofs minimize
movements due to
thermal changes.

Corrosion
resistance
Copper surfaces form
tough oxidesulphatepatinacoati
ngs that protect
underlying copper
surfaces and resist

Durability/Long-life
Copper roofs are
extremely durable in most
environments

Sustainability
Copper is a sustainable
material. Its durability
offers long service with
little maintenance. Its high
electrical and thermal
energy efficiencies reduce
the waste of electrical
energy.
Ventilation
Copper does not require
complex
ventilationmeasures. It
is suitable for both
unventilated warm and
ventilated cold roof
constructions

Uses of copper in interiors

Copper bathroom fixture, bathtubs and sinks.

Copper lighting
fixtures.

Copper wall design and decorating ideas

Room furniture,

Wall cladding
Uses of copper in exteriors
The technology enables
Roofing
Copper offers a unique character and
durability as a roofing material.

Gutters and
downspouts
Copper is a good
choice for gutters
and downspouts
because it makes
strong leak-proof
joints

architects to incorporate
visually desirable features
into their designs, such as
embossed or shapedmetal cladding.

Domes, spires and

vaults
there are many types of
copperdomes,spires,
andvaults, both with
simple geometries or
complex curved surfaces
and multi-faceted

Cathedral-Basilica Mary
Capital Museum, Beijing,
Queen
Peoples Republic of China.
of the World, in Montreal.

Architectural copper cladding in the

interior of the Capital Museum,
Beijing, Peoples Republic of China.
At the transept crossing in front of the
main altar are made with red copper.

Market survey
AVOCAB Copper Cable 1.5 Sq mm Wire (Red)
Price: Rs808.00

Fos Lighting Classic hanging light in

antique copper finish
Price:Rs1,975.00

Orient Spectra 47-inch 68-Watt Under

Light Ceiling Fan (Brushed Antique
and Copper)
price: Rs6,000.00

Brass
Brass isany alloy of copper and
zinc; the proportions of zinc and
copper can be varied to create a
range of brasses with varying
properties.
Brass has higher malleability than
bronze or zinc.

Brass sections

Corrosion-resistant brass for harsh

environments
Aluminium makes brass stronger and
more corrosion resistant.

Fixtures

Chandleries

Handles

Uses of brass
in interiors
Brass is used in chandeliers

Interiors

Brass handles are commonly used

Market survey
Two Moustaches Brass Lion Mouth
Door Knocker
Price:Rs725.00

Fos Lighting Antique Finish Cast Brass

Wall Light
Price:Rs 7,975.00

Two Moustaches Brass Tuskar Style

Ganesha Carving Door Handle Pair (2
pcs)

Towe ring : Rs
150/-

Chrome
Used in washroom fixtures

Aluminium composite panels

What are Sandwich panels? What is ACP?

Sandwich panel is a structure made of three layers: low density core inserted in
between two relatively thin skin layers
Aluminium composite panel (ACP/ACM) composed of two aluminium skins with
recycled polyethylene plastic core and fluorocarbon surface coating. It is suitable
for use in exterior and interior use in commercial and industrial applications for
signage and cladding.
Classification of ACP
ACP
Outdo
or

0.5mm Al plate
Interlayer is PE or PVC
Interlayer thickness 35mm
Al comp. thickness 46mm

Indoor

0.2 0.25mm Al plate

Interlayer is PE or PVC
Interlayer thickness
2.5-3mm
Al comp. thickness 35mm

Standard Widths: 1220mm and

1250mm
Stand`, 2440mm, 2500mm, 3050mm
and 4050mm

Types of ACP

Nano Coated Panel Sheets

Natural Stone &

Wooden Design

A2 Fire Resistant Panel Sheets

High Gloss Sparkling

Panel Sheets

Signage/Digital Printing Panel Sheets

Transportation Industry
Panel Sheets

Anti-Bacterial Paint
Coated Panel Sheets

Application of ACP

Industries in Panel Sheets can be

used:

Construction
Signage & Digital Printing
Transportation (Aviation, Marine,
RVs, Buses)
Kitchens
Furniture
& Construction
Architectural
Retractable Garage
Doors
Applications:
Interior Decoration
Curtain Wall/Cladding & Faade
Roofing (Car Park & Link ways)
Pillar Wraps/Column Covers Digital
Printing & Signage Applications:
Petrol Stations
Hording & Billboards
Light Boxes
Directional Signs
Point of Sale & Point of Purchase
Exhibition
Booths & Retail Displays
Specialty
Applications:
Room Partitions in Clean Rooms
Kitchen Splash Backs
Doors & Furniture
Aircraft Galley Push Trolleys & Bus and
Aircraft Ceilings , Luggage
Compartments in Buses, Cruise Ships

Finishes of ACP

Polyester XT: (Solid and Metallic Colors) in Matt, Satin

or High Gloss
High Durable Polyester: (Solid and Metallic Colors) in
High Gloss with mica
Brushed Finish: Silver, Golden and Bronze
Mirror: Silver and Golden
PVDF: For Exterior Applications in Solid and Metallic
Colours (Gloss ) 45%)
FEVE: For Exterior Applications in Solid and Metallic
Colours (Gloss ) 90%)
Advantages of ACP
Disadvantage of ACP

Improved sound dampening

Reusable and Recyclable
Cost effective-Resource
Efficiency
Least maintenance required
Long lasting durability
Weather resistant
Outstanding thermal comfort
Custom Colour Matches
Easily fabricated and Flexibility
Precise Printing
Light Weight
Heat Insulation
Self Cleaning

One of the drawbacks to

using aluminium composite
panels is their susceptibility
to dents or dings,
particularly during storms or
hurricane

Market survey for ACP (Alomax)

Finish

Unit

Price

Matt

Per sq. foot

Rs. 50- 75/-

Wooden

Per sq. foot

Rs. 175230/-

Mirror

Per sq. foot

Rs. 250-

Installation
Video

Case Study of ACP

Spaceship Earth, Orlando is the iconic and

symbolic structure ofEpcot, the second of
fourtheme parksbuilt at theWalt Disney
World Resort.
One of the most recognizable structures of
any theme park, it is also the name of the
attraction that is housed within the 18storygeodesic spherethat takes guests on
atime machine-themed experience using
the Omnimoversystem.
Construction took 26 months. Extending
upwards from the table are "quadra-pod"
structures, which support smaller beams
which form the shell of the steel skeleton.
Pipes stand the aluminium skin panels away
from the skeleton and provide space for
utilities.
In theory, there are 11,520 total isosceles
triangles forming 3840 points. In reality,
some of those triangles are partially or fully
non-existent due to supports and doors;
there are actually only 11,324 silvered
facets, with 954 partial or full flat triangular
panels.

Corrugated sheet
Corrugated galvanised iron or steel (colloquially corrugated
iron or pailing (in Caribbean English), occasionally abbreviated
GI) is a building material composed of sheets of hot-dip
galvanised mild steel, cold-rolled to produce a linear corrugated
pattern in them. The corrugations increase the bending strength of
the sheet in the direction perpendicular to the corrugations, but not
parallel to them. Normally each sheet is manufactured longer in its
strong direction.

Types of sheets

Asbestos sheet
Frp corrugated sheet
Poly carbonate corrugated sheet
Corrugated roofing sheet
Decorated corrugated sheet
Galvinised corrugated sheet
Corrugated drainage sheet
Corrugated steel sheet
Flaoting roof tank sheet
pp hollow corrugated sheet

Tin
Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn
and atomic number 50. It is a main group
metal in group 14 of the periodic table.
Symbol:Sn
Melting point:231.9 C
Chemical series:Metal, Post-transition
metal, Carbon group, Toxic heavy metal,
Period 5 element

 The principal architectural uses oftinfall into two

categories:
1. the alloying of tin with other metals such
ascopperto formbronze
2. the coating of tin on harder metals, such as
tinplated iron or steel
. Tinplatewas a type of architectural material
consisting of sheet iron coated with tin.

 Tinplate was also used for

decoration, such as ornamental
windows and door lintels.
tinplate is still available today for
roofing and flashing, it is generally
considered expensive since the initial
cost is more than that for common
modern roofing types such
asasphaltshingles or built-up roofs.

 A well-maintained tinplate roof typically lasts

several times longer than either of these types of
roofing, it is more economical when the cost is
prorated over the longer lifespan.[

Thank You !