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Solar Energy Part I
Solar Energy Part I
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1 A.
U.
Questions:
If the mean distance from the Earth to the
Sun is 1.5 108 km, and the solar radius is
1.4 106 km, then
1. What is the value of the solar
constant P at the photosphere, i.e., the
suns visible surface?
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U
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A
1
Area)
Questions (continued):
If the mean distance from the Earth to the
Sun is 1.5 108 km, and the solar radius is
1.4 106 km, then
2. What is the total energy output per unit
time of the sun in W?
c. Solving:
With rSun = 1.4 106 km = 1.4 1011 cm,
(1.6 106 mW/cm2) 4(1.4 1011 cm)2
~ 3.9 1029 mW = 3.9 1026 W
390 Trillion-Trillion Watts
Question #2 Continued:
If an average American city has a peak
power consumption of 500 MW, estimate
how many average American cities this total
energy output (390 trillion-trillion watts) is
equivalent to.
1 MW = 106 W
Question #2 Continued:
3.9 1026 W
5 108 W/Avg.City
#2 Continued:
1.) Dimensionally:
Energy Intercepted at Earth =
Cross Section of Earth
= r2
2.) Solving:
2
8
2
136.7
mW/cm
(6.4
10
cm)
Question #2 is finished at last!!!
~ 1.8 1020 mW = 1.8 1017 W
Questions (Continued):
If the mean distance from the Earth to the
Sun is 1.5 108 km, and the solar radius is
1.4 106 km, then
3. In what form is this energy transmitted
into space?
Question:
How can we harness the energy from the
sun?
13
mW 6. 7
/cm
2
O
Si
Silicon
Dioxide
SiO2
Si
O
O
Words
Silicon
Oxygen
O2
Chemical Symbols
Si
Incident sunlight
Reflected light
Absorbed light
SOLAR CELL
V oc
I
+
_
Load
+
V
-
Questions:
1. Is all of the sunlight falling on a solar
cell absorbed?
2. Is all of the energy absorbed by the
solar cell converted into electricity?
3. If the answer to Question #2 is, No,
then what other energies might be
involved?
Problem:
A given circular solar cell has a 1 cm radius.
It is 18% efficient. Because today is
cloudy, the solar constant is a mere 97
mW/cm2. What is the maximum power
output you can expect from the cell?
Answer:
The cell area (collecting area) is
r2 = cm2
If the cell were 100% efficient, it would
produce
(97 mW/cm2 ) ( cm2)
~ 305 mW
But because it is only 18% efficient, it
produces
305 mW 0.18 = 55 mW
Question:
Now that you know something about
harnessing the suns energy with solar cells,
where do you suppose we can put that
energy to work?
Earths Surface
Solar System
Earth Orbit
Mars