ENGLISH

TECHNIQUES IN WRITING
SMK DATUK BAHAMAN

10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

- A PIECE OF WRITING ABOUT A CERTAIN TOPIC/SUBJECT

-MADE UP FROM A NUMBER OF RELATED PARAGRAPHS THAT
DISCUSS THE SAME TOPIC/SUBJECT.

10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

TYPES OF ESSAYS

DESCRIPTIVE

ARGUMENTATIVE / DISCUSSIVE

NARRATIVE

FACTUAL

OPEN TOPIC

REFLECTIVE

10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY

PERSON

PLACE

EVENT

THING

Remember to use the Present Tense

10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY
CURRENT

ISSUES
- Make a stand Agree or Disagree
-

Give reasons / opinion

10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

NARRATIVE ESSAY
STORY

Answer usually begin or end with a

given sentence
- Remember to use the past tense
-

10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

TASK CW1: CHOOSING A

TOPIC
A CHOICE TO BE
MADE FROM 5
ALTERNATIVES

10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

POINT TO REMEMBER
CW # 1

DONT START
WRITING UNTIL
YOU ARE SETTLED
AND SURE
10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

TASK CW2: PLANNING TO

WRITE
DO A MIND MAP BASED
ON THE TOPIC YOU
HAVE CHOSEN
10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

FATHER

CAN KEEP
SECRETS

WHICH
PERSON

37 YEARS
A DOCTOR
10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

UNDERSTANDING

WHY
GIVES
GOOD
ADVICE
10

POINT TO REMEMBER
CW # 2

PLAN YOUR ESSAY.

SPEND 5 TO 10
MINUTES ON IT.
ORGANISE THE SHAPE
OF YOUR ESSAY
10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

11

-DIVIDED INTO THREE PARTS:

-THE INTRODUCTION
-THE DEVELOPMENT
-THE CONCLUSION

10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

12

-ONE PARAGRAPH
-CONTAINS THE MAIN IDEA AND STATING THE SUPPORTING
DETAILS/POINTS WHICH WILL BE DISCUSSED IN THE
DEVELOPMENTAL PARAGRAPHS (THESIS STATEMENT)
- MUST BE INTERESTING TO CATCH THE READERS
ATTENTION.

10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

13

Ways to Begin
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE
SAMPLE

10th August 2015

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

DIALOGUE
2. LISTING
3. QUESTION
4. PERSONAL
EXPERIENCE
5. FAMOUS SAYING
6. GENERAL
STATEMENT
7. OPINION
8. IDIOM
1.

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

14

DIALOGUE
Write about a person that influence
you the most, the teacher said to us
when she gave us homework for the
weekend. Well, I hate writing essays but
if I have to do it then the only person I
can think of is my father.

10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

15

LISTING
Kind, understanding, caring and as
charming as Tom Cruise that is my
father, Mr. Ahmad. Because of all those
criteria that I have mentioned, he is the
man that I admire most in my life.

10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

16

QUESTION
Do you have someone that is truly
important in your life? Well, I certainly
do. And, that person is my father.

10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

17

PERSONAL EXPERIENCE
I

wanted to own a bicycle so much. Every

afternoon, I would sit alone at my
verandah, watching my friends. They were
happily cycling their BMXs around in front
of me. I was green with envy. One evening,
my father came back late. From afar, I
could see that he was carrying something
heavy on his shoulder. I was trying to figure
it out, but it was dark. When he got closer,
heres your bicycle!.

10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

18

FAMOUS SAYING
Time

and tide wait for no man.

10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

19

GENERAL STATEMENT (avoid

this)
Everyone

needs a friend. We cannot

live without our friends. Friends are
always there when we need them. They
can help us when we have any
problems. My best friend is my father.

10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

20

OPINION
My

mother is the best mother on earth.

Because of everything that she has
done to us - her children, no doubt she
deserves to be awarded that title.

10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

21

IDIOM
A friend

in need is a friend indeed.

That is very familiar. My best friend fits
the saying very well as he never fails
me whenever I need him. My best
friend is my father.

10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

22

- MINIMUM OF 3 PARAGRAPHS
- CONTAINS THE SUPPORTING DETAILS / POINTS TO
SUPPORT THE MAIN IDEA IN THE INTRODUCTION (THESIS
STATEMENT).
- ONE PARAGRAPH DISCUSSES ONLY ONE POINT (the point is
put in a sentence called the TOPIC SENTENCE). The Topic
Sentence is the first sentence in a paragraph.
- MUST HAVE A TOPIC SENTENCE & A CONCLUDING
SENTENCE.
10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

23

-A SUMMARY OF THE MAIN POINTS DISCUSSED

- BRINGS THE ESSAY TO A LOGICAL END AND GIVING A
SENSE OF COMPLETION.

10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

24

10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

25

The Teacher I Admire Most

Over the years, I have had several teachers. Each has
influenced me in a different way. However, there is one who
stands head and shoulders above the rest. Cik Faridah Hanum
is the teacher I admire most because she is hardworking,
innovative and interested in people(THESIS STATEMENT).

THEREFORE!
-

THE POINTS IN THE DEVELOPMENTAL PARAGRAPHS ARE:

1. She is hardworking
August 2015
2. 10th
She
is innovative

3. She is interested in people

LET US SEE!

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

26

10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

27

Topic Sentence: I have never met a teacher as hardworking as Cik

Faridah.

Support : 1. Always prepares her lessons carefully clear & concise.

2. All assignments are marked and returned promptly.
3. Actively involved in various school activities & the PTA

10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

28

NOW YOU TRY!!!

Smoking can be an expensive habit (topic sentence). _____
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

29

Topic sentence: Smoking cigarettes can be an expensive

habit.
Support: 1. Cigarettes cost about RM 4.00 a pack.
2. The average smoker smokes two packs a day.
3. The annual expense for this smoker is RM
2,920.00.
4. Because of the smell, the smoker must also
pay for extra cleaning of clothes, curtains, etc.

Conclusion: It is obvious that smoking is in fact an

expensive habit.
10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

30

TRY AGAIN!!!
TOPIC SENTENCES:
1. One of the reasons why I like Kuala Lumpur is its lively
atmosphere.
2. Making a bowl of instant noodles is so easy even my little
sister could do it.
3. Smoking cigarettes can endanger our health.
4. Pollution can be reduced by recycling wastes.
5. Surfing the internet is an interesting pastime.
10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

31

Example No. 1

Topic sentence: One of the reasons why I like Kuala

Lumpur is its lively atmosphere.

Support: 1. The streets are always busy

2. Plenty of things to do day and night
3. Its a centre of entertainment
4. Bustling shopping centres

Conclusion: In Kuala Lumpur you will certainly never

feel bored as there are so many things to do and see.

10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

32

Example No. 2

Topic sentence: Making a bowl of instant noodles is so easy

even my little sister could do it.

Support: 1. Secretly watched her do it

2. Took out a bowl and placed noodles in it
3. Pour hot water and she waited for two
minutes
4. Put in the seasoning and it is ready

Conclusion: Making instant noodles is certainly very simple

10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

33

Example No. 3

Topic sentence: Smoking cigarettes can endanger our health.

Support: 1. Cigarettes contain toxic chemicals like nicotine,

carbon monoxide and tar
2. Carcinogens in them may cause cancer such as lung,
mouth and larynx cancer
3. Smoking also endangers the unborn foetus
4. Second hand smoke is a danger to other people
around the smoker

Conclusion: Smoking is indeed a dangerous habit, not only to

the smoker but to other people as well.

10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

34

OVERVIEW
Every essay must have a minimum of 5
paragraphs (Intro, 3 developmental
paragraphs, conclusion)
Intro to introduce the topic of the essay /
must be clear & interesting
Development consists of 3 main points /
each paragraph discusses only 1 point
Conclusion short paragraph summarising
all the main points discussed in the
development.

10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

35

10th August 2015

RAJA MOHAN A/L K.KRISNAN

36