Professional Documents
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Basic Elements in Communication
Basic Elements in Communication
Basic Elements in Communication
COMMUNICATION
ROLE OF COMMUNICATION IN
BUSINESS
Pervasive nature of
communication
Regardless of where
communication occurs or who
is involved, the medium of
exchange is always information
COMMUNICATION IN
BUSINESS
NEED FOR
COMMUNICATION
Organizations devote much effort to improving
communication
Without good communication ,specialization will
be ineffective
Improved communication usually leads to better
morale
There is a close relationship between
communication and such factors as job satisfaction
and relationship with co-workers
DEFINITIONS
OF COMMUNICATION
Communication
is a process of passing
COMMUNICATING AT WORK
Succeeding in todays world of work demands that
you read, listen,speak,and write effectively.
E-mail, voice mail, fax, video conferencing, and
the Web are revolutionizing the way we exchange
information.
Communicating with workers who differ in race,
gender, and age requires new attitudes and skills.
ATTRIBUTES OF
COMMUNICATION
Communication is unintentional as well as
intentional.
Communication is a dynamic process.
Communication is systemic
Communication is both interaction and
transaction.
NATURE OF
COMMUNICATION
MYTHS AND REALITIES
We frequently
communicate
messages we are
not aware of
communicating
Communication ComponentsDiagram
idea formation
message encoding
message transmission
message decoding
feedback
Communication Components
Source/Sender
Message/ Content
Channel/Medium
Feedback
Environment
Perception
Source/Sender
Initiate the process of communication
See mentally the communication from the
receivers viewpoint
Search for and use symbols and skills that
will bring about understanding.
Select the right medium.
Secure feedback from the receiver
Message/ Content
Information to be transmitted
Includes both verbal and non-verbal
symbols
Putting the idea into symbols-encoding
Channel/Medium
Feedback
Characteristics of a good
Feedback
It is specific rather than general
It is descriptive rather than evaluative
It takes into account the needs of both the receiver
and the giver of feedback
It is directed towards the behaviour of the receiver
It is well timed
It is two-way
It is tailored to the individual
Environment
Place
Circumstances
Relationship
Political,cultural,legal, technological factors
Time
Context
Perception
Interpret messages according to our past
experiences
Fill in missing information
Interpret messages as per our own attitudes
and beliefs
A COMMA MAKES A
DIFFERENCE
try
Man proposes ___________
To err is human,to forgive__________
A bird in hand,___________________
Deny
Man proposes, woman refuses
To err is human, to forgive foolishness
A bird in hand and two in a cage
BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION
Barriers to Communciation
Physical barriers
Semantic barriers
Socio-psychological barriers
Organizational barriers
Cross-cultural barriers
PHYSICAL BARRIERS
Defects in the medium
Noise in the environment
Information overload
SEMANTIC/LANGUAGE
BARRIERS
SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL
BARRIERS
Self-centered attitudes
Group identification
Self-image
Selective perception
Defensiveness
Filtering
Status block
Resistance to change
Closed mind
Poor communication skills
State of health
ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS
Loss of information
Delay and distortion
Misinterpretation, lack of understanding and
neglect of messages
Too much dependence on written communication
Deliberate withholding of information from
superiors and peers
CROSS-CULTURAL
BARRIERS
OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION
ORGANIZATIONAL EFFORTS
MEDIA
CHANNELS
COMMUNICATION POLICY
ATTENDING TO MEMBERS NEEDS
MEDIA
Notice boards,Bulletin boards at visible
locations and updated
Intercom connections
Intranet connections/LAN
Well-trained and disciplined peons
Constant meetings of task
teams,departments and staff for rendering
information and motivational messages
CHANNELS
Who receives?, what information? , through
whom?-proper channel and authority.
Avoid long channels
Cluster than hierarchy-avoids loss of
information, seek clarification
Suggestion schemes-overcome status block
COMMUNICATION POLICY
What information?
When?
By what method?
A well implemented policy creates a
healthy, open climate and avoids grapevine
rumours
ATTENDING TO MEMBERS
NEEDS
INDIVIDUAL EFFORTS
IMPROVING LISTENING SKILLS
FEEDBACK SKILLS
IMPROVING CROSS CULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
IMPROVING LISTENING
SKILLS
. By using non-judgmental invitations to talk, you open
the doors to meaningful conversation :
Let's discuss it.
Would you like to talk about it?
Tell me about it.
I'd like to hear about it.
Tell me the whole story.
It sounds like you've got something to say about this.
This seems important to you.
I'm interested in your point of view.
Talking
Be honest about your own thoughts,
concerns and feelings. When in doubt, ask
questions:
When you are responding to a person
facing a crisis, rather than use statements
such as "You should" or "That's wrong", say:
I feel...
I believe...
I would want...
IMPROVING CROSS
CULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
Globalization
Diplomatic missions
Cultural studies
THANK YOU