Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Listening
Listening
KINDS OF LISTENING
Appreciative Listening- Music and Poetry
Attentive Listening-Presentations,
Lectures,Instructions
Evaluative or Critical Listening-Political
speeches,sales talks,elocution contests
HEARING/PERCEPTION
INTERPRETATION
EVALUATION
RESPONSE/ACTION
Hearing/Perception
Interpretation
Interpretation involves decoding the
message
Interpretation is colored by cultural,
educational and social frames of reference
The meanings we attach to words are
filtered through our expectations and total
lifes experiences
Evaluation
Evaluation involves separating fact from opinion
and judging messages effectively.
Close-mindedness,opinionated attitudes,prejudices
and even the appearance and mannerisms of the
speaker influence Evaluation
To evaluate a message accurately, one should
consider all the information, be aware of our own
biases and avoid jumping to hasty conclusions
Response/ Action
BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE
LISTENING
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Mental Barriers
Inattention
Prejudgment
Frame of Reference
Close-mindedness
Pseudo listening
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
PERCEPTUAL BARRIERS TO
EFFECTIVE LISTENING
People perceive stimuli according to their
individual frames of reference
People perceive stimuli according to their own
expectations
People perceive stimuli according to individual
attitudes and beliefs
The continuing relationship between speaker and
listener plays an important role in perception
Causes of Inattention
Mental Distraction due to wishful thinking, personal
anxiety or worry
Planning to present a good argument or answer
Lack of Interest
Avoiding the Effort to understand what is difficult
Tendency to criticize mannerisms
Emotional Blocks
Emotional Excitement
Impatience
Poor Health
Lag Time
Lag time- Natural Difference in speed
between Speaking and Listening
This Differential provides opportunities for
mental tangents, tuning in and tuning out
Concentration is an important determinant
of listening ability
IMPROVING LISTENING
SKILLS
Improving Concentration
Use of Questions
Objectivity
Feedback
Note-Taking
Improving Concentration
Use of Questions
In dyadic or paired communication, asking
questions is an effective learning strategy
Such activity demonstrates active listening
and clarify and develop points
Probing questions build upon a speakers
utterances
Use of Objectivity
Minimize the impact of emotion laden
words
Judge content, not delivery
React fairly and sensibly
Wait your turn