CASING

ACCESORIE
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Guide
Shoes:
Is attached to the
first
length
of
casing
to
be
lowered into the
to
hole guide the

casing
into
the borehole,
around
obstructions

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Float
Collars:
Permit literally
float into the
borehole,
by
virtue of being
It is a back
partially empty.
pressure valve
which is closed
by the outside
fluid
column,
thereby
preventing
entry of the

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Centralizers
Wall Scratchers
:
&
To ensure a reasonably
uniform
distribution
of
cement
around
the pipe.seal
To obtain
a competent
all the way around the
casing
and
with
the
adjoining
formation.
Centralizers
serve to prevent
differential sticking
Wall
scratchers
are
mechanical
wall
cleaning
devices, attached to the
casing , that abrade the hole
This helps
to provide
a more
when
worked
by
reciprocating
or rotating.
suitable surface
for the cement
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Cementin
g Head
Provides the union
for conecting the
cementing
lines
from
the
cementing pump
Makes
it possible
to
the casing.
to circulate the
mud in a normal
And
displace the
manner.
cement
without
making
or
breaking
any
conections

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Cementin
g

Is the process of mixing and displacing a

cement slurry down the casing and up the
Cementing
also helps in the following ways:
anular
space
Bonds the casing to the
formation.
Protects
the
producing
formations.
Helps in the control of
blowouts
from
highpressure
zones.for the casing
Provides support
Prevents casing corrosion
Forms a seal in the event of
kick during drilling.
Cementing
procedures are

classified as primary or secundary.

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Primary Cementing
(during drilling)
Is performed inmediately after the casing is
into the
borehole.for special
There arerun
modified
techniques

Single-stagesituations:
cementing through casing
(normal
displacement)
Multi-stage
cementing (wells having
critical fracture gradients or requiring
good
cement
jobs on long
strings)
Inner string
cementing
through
drillpipe
(for large diameter pipe)
Annulus cementhing through
(surface pipe or large casing)

tubing

Multi string cement (small diameter

pipe)
Reverse
circulation
(critical
formations)
Delayed setting (critical formations and
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to improve placement)

Primary Cementing
CIRCULATION

SPACER
AND
GROUT
PUMPING

DISPLACEME
NT

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DISPLACEME
NT

JOB
COMPLET
ED

THE SINGLE -STAGE

Two plugs are usually contained in the

cementing head to facilitate the
The bottom operations.
(red) plug, is immediatly
followed
by the plug,
cement.
The top (black)
which is solidly
constructed, is released when all the
Pumping
stopped
soon as there ia a
cementishas
been as
pumped.
positive indication (pressure incrase)

MULTI -STAGE

Two or more separate sections behind the

casing string, usually for a long column that
might cause formation breakdown if the
cement were
displaced
from the
bottom of the
Multi-stage
tool
is then opened
hydraulically
by
string.
special plugs, and fluid
circulated through the
tool to the surface
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Primary Cementing

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Secondary
(during production)
Plugging
to another producing zone
Cementing
Plugging a dry hole
Formation squeeze
Squeeze
used
to:
Supplement
or

repair a faulty
primary
cement job
Repair defective
casing or improperly
placed
perforations
Minimize
the
danger
of
lost
circulation
zones
Isolate a zone
prior to perforating or

fracturing
Abandon permanently a non-producing
or depleted
zone
Pumping
rate is slow
enough to allow for
dehydration
and
initial
setting.is
continued until the desired squeeze
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pressure is reached.

Cementing Classifications
The burning of blends of calcareous and
argillaceous materials.
This
is called Portland
Used
for process
oil well cementing
carry special
cement
API classifications,
based on depth and
temperature ratings

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Cement Additives
The preparation and supply of compositions
tailored to suit the requirements of any well
condition. Additives are used to tailor the
systems.
Additives are used to:
Reduce slurry density and increase
slurry volume (Lightweight
additives)
Increse thickening time and retard
setting
Reduce (Retarders)
waiting-on-cement time
and increase early strength
Increase slurry density to restrain
pressures (Heavyweight Additives)
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Mixing and Other Surface

Equipment
Proportions and blend the dry cementing
composition with the carrier fluid.
Control of mixing spped is regulated by
the volume of water forced through the
jet and by the amount of cement in the
Tehopper.
cementi
ng unit
is
an
assambl
y
of
special
pupose
pumbs
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