The Function of The Cardiovascular System in Facilitating and Improving Movement

UNIT 1 - Information
The Function of the Cardiovascular System

in Facilitating and Improving Movement
HEART
BLOOD
BLOOD VESSEL
Cardiovascular System
Information/Discussion
FUNCTIONS
Practical Application
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Supply and transportation of O2 and other nutrients to the body

for muscular contraction
Removal of waste: CO2 and lactic acid
Stabilisation of body temperature at rest and during exercise
Protection from disease
Revision
GCSE Physical Education
SECTION B
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Structure of the Heart
Delivers
Carbon
Dioxide
The HEART is a CARDIAC

MUSCLE
Capillaries in the lungs

Collects
Oxygen
Pulmonary
Vein
Pulmonary
Artery
The heart acts as a PUMP in a

DOUBLE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
ava
Vena C
Blood low in oxygen

(deoxygenated)
Links
Blood rich in oxygen

(oxygenated)
Diagram/Table
R L
Aorta
Capillaries in the body
Activity
Collects Carbon
Dioxide and
waste
Show blood circulation
Aorta
Delivers
Oxygen and
food
Revision
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Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT
PULMONARY CIRCUIT
Transports oxygenated blood

around the body (including
working muscles) and
transports deoxygenated blood
back to the heart.
Transports deoxygenated blood

from the heart to the lungs
where carbon dioxide (CO2) is
exchanged for Oxygen (O2),
before it returns to the heart.
(Click here)
(Click here)
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The RIGH HAND SIDE of the heart pumps DEOXYGENATED
BLOOD returning from the body:
Deoxygenated blood flows through the VENA CAVA RIGHT

ATRIUM RIGHT VENTRICLE PULMONARY ARTERY to
the LUNGS for oxygenation
Pulmonary artery
Deoxygenated
blood to the lungs
Deoxygenated blood
from the body
Vena cava
Links
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Diagram/Table
Activity
Right ventricle
Show path of
deoxygenated blood
Revision
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The LEFT HAND SIDE of the heart pumps OXYGENATED

BLOOD returning from the lungs:
Oxygenated blood through the PULMONARY VEIN LEFT

ATRIUM LEFT VENTRICLE AORTA to body.
Aorta
Oxygenated blood
to the body
Oxygenated blood
from the lungs
Pulmonary vein
Links
Right atrium
Diagram/Table
Bicuspid valve
Right ventricle
Activity
Show path of oxygenated

blood
Revision
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HEART RATE (HR)
The number of times the heart beats in one minute.
At rest it beats between 50 and 80 times per minute. When more blood is
required by the muscles during exercise, the heart rate can increase to over
200 beats per minute, pumping around 45 litres around the body.
Heart rate varies according to age, fitness and health.
STROKE VOLUME (SV)

Links
The amount of blood forced out of the heart (left ventricle) per beat.
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
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CARDIAC OUTPUT (CO)
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart (left ventricle) in one
minute.
Cardiac output varies depending on the intensity of the exercise and

the fitness levels of the person.
Cardiac Output Q = Heart Rate Stroke Volume
Links
CO = HR SV
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
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COMPOSITION OF BLOOD
The human body contains nearly 5 litres of blood
Blood is made up of 4 elements:
Red Blood Cells
Most important function is to transport O 2 (oxygen) to

muscle cells to allow energy release and movement.
White Blood Cells
Their chief function is to protect the body against

disease.
Links
Platelets
These bind together to form clots which prevent

bleeding.
Diagram/Table
Plasma
Activity
Makes up 55% of the total blood volume, 92% of which

is water. It contains dissolved food and takes away
waste CO2. Proteins and amino acids are transported
to cells in the body and used for growth and repair.
Revision
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BLOOD VESSELS
Blood is transported from the heart around the body and back to the
heart in blood vessels.
When blood leaves the heart
There are 3 types of blood vessels.
These branch off into ARTERIOLES
Oxygen diffuses from blood into

smaller, but more numerous
tissues through thin capillary
walls. Carbon dioxide diffuses out
of the tissues into the blood
Deoxygenated When it reaches the muscles, blood passes into
Oxygenated
blood
CAPILLARIES even smaller, but more numerous.
blood
At the capillaries, the blood gives up its

oxygen and takes in carbon dioxide
Links
Diagram/Table
passes into ARTERIES
Artery
Vein
Arterioles
Venules
The blood starts its journey BACK to the

heart in small, narrow veins called VENULES
Capillaries
The blood then passes into larger

VEINS before returning to the heart
Activity
Revision
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BLOOD PRESSURE
The force of blood against the artery walls.
Links
Diagram/Table
With exercise, the heart has to work to supply more O2 to muscles. As a

result, the force of blood leaving the heart increases and blood pressure
increases.
Blood pressure is easily measured by taking the pressure at an artery in
the arm.
SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is the pressure of blood flow on the arteries
when the LEFT VENTRICLE CONTRACTS.
DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is the pressure of blood flow on the arteries
when the LEFT VENTRICLE RELAXES.
Activity
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BLOOD PRESSURE
The average blood pressure reading for a young adult is 120/80.
Factors which can affect blood pressure:
Ways in which blood pressure can be reduced:
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
AGE, SEX, EXERCISE INTENSITY, STRESS, CIRCULATORY

SYSTEM, FITNESS
REGULAR EXERCISE, SENSIBLE DIET, AVOID STRESS,

MEDICATION
The blood flow and blood distribution change according to the demand of
exercising. The working parts of the body need to be supplied with the
necessary amounts of O2
The re-distribution of blood is called the VASCULAR SHUNT
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BLOOD PRESSURE
Blood flow to the muscles and the skin will increase during exercise.
Blood flow to the kidneys and digestive system will decrease during
exercise.
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
The heat produced by the body increases as the INTENSITY and

DURATION of exercise increases.
To control high body temperature, blood is diverted to the capillaries just
below the skin this causes the skin to redden and heat from the blood
is then RADIATED from the skin. This widening of the capillaries is called
VASODILATION.
To control low body temperature, the capillaries VASO CONSTRICT
become narrower, therefore reducing heat loss by radiation. Muscles
begin to shiver small contractions which provide heat.
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BLOOD PRESSURE
Another way of combating overheating is by SWEATING. Sweat is
formed in sweat glands under the skin. Sweating is caused by the
EVAPORATION of sweat from the skins surface.
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
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UNIT 1 Practical Application

Group Discussion
Heart / Blood / Blood Vessels

FUNCTIONS
Mapping exercise
Double Loop System

Transportation of Blood
(Blood Pathway)
Links
Discussion
Diagram/Table
As a result of regular Aerobic Training,
the heart gets bigger (HYPERTROPHY).

How does this effect :
Stroke volume,
Heart rate,
Blood flow
Cardiac output
Activity
Revision
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Group Discussion
Heart rate
1) At rest, 2) after exercise, 3) Recovery rate
(2mins/15mins)
Discussion
How would heart rate differ

between a short period of
anaerobic work and a longer period
of aerobic work?
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
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Use the following 2 diagrams to relate heart rate to physical activity:
1) The graph below shows the heart rate of two sixteen year old athletes
when training at the same intensity. Explain why athlete B is the fittest
athlete.
180
Athlete A
Athlete B
120
Links
Heart Rate
(beats per minute)
90
Diagram/Table
60
Activity
10
20
Time (minutes)
30
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2) The graph below shows the heart rate of an eighteen year old badminton
player during a game.
Heart Rate
(beats per minute)
250
200
150
100
Links
50
Diagram/Table
0
Activity
(i)
10
15
20
Time (minutes)
Give two pieces of evidence to suggest that this player is a fit

competitor.
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Heart Rate
(beats per minute)
250
200
150
100
50
Links
0
Diagram/Table
(ii)
(iii)
10
15
20
Time (minutes)
During the game the players heart rate reaches 220 beats per minute (BPM). Calculate the players maximum
heart rate (MHR) during the game.
What evidence is there to suggest that this player worked both aerobically and anaerobically during the game?
Activity
Revision
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UNIT 1 - Links

Links
Diagram/Table
Skeletal System
Respiratory System
Aerobic / Anaerobic Systems
Muscular System
Energy Continuum
Training Zones
Intensity / Duration of Exercise
Short-term effects of exercise on the systems of the body
Long-term effects of exercise on the systems of the body
Activity
Revision
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UNIT 1 - Activity

1.
Match the parts of the heart and connecting blood vessels to their function.
Function
Diagram/Table
Activity
to see diagram]
Name of Part
Transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
Left ventricle
Brings back oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium
Tricuspid valve
Receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein
Pulmonary vein
A two-flapped valve separating the left atrium from the left ventricle
Aorta
The biggest chamber of the heart, which pumps oxygenated blood around the body
Links
[Click here
Main artery which takes oxygenated blood from heart to the rest of the body
Superior vena cava

Left atrium
The main vein which brings deoxygenated blood back to heart from lower body
Right atrium
The main vein which brings deoxygenated blood back to heart from upper body
Inferior vena cava
The chamber where deoxygenated blood enters the heart
Bicuspid valve
The three-flapped valve separating the right atrium from the right ventricle
Right ventricle
The chamber which pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary artery
Revision
SECTION B
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UNIT 1 - Activity

Deoxygenated
blood to the lungs
Pulmonary artery
Aorta
Deoxygenated blood
from the body
Oxygenated blood
to the body
Oxygenated blood
from the lungs
Pulmonary vein
Vena cava
Left atrium
Right atrium
Diagram/Table
Activity
Bicuspid valve
Tricuspid valve
Links
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
SHOW/HIDE LABELS
Back
SHOW/HIDE ARROWS
Revision
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UNIT 1 - Activity

2.
Explain the relationship between cardiac output (Q) and exercise

intensity.
3.
Explain how the hearts structure is adapted to its function.
4.
What is blood pressure?
5.
What is systolic pressure?
6.
What is diastolic pressure?
Diagram/Table
7.
What is the normal blood pressure reading for a young person?
Activity
8.
Give five factors that can affect blood pressure.
Links
Revision
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UNIT 1 - Activity

9.
Why can narrowing or blocking of blood vessels be dangerous?
10.
Give five ways blood pressure can be reduced.
11.
Define the following terms:

a)
Heart rate (HR)
b)
Stroke volume (SV)
c)
Cardiac output (Q)
12.
What simple equation relates these three values?
13.
Give two differences between cardiac and skeletal muscle.
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
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UNIT 1 - Activity

Complete the following description of the bloods journey from the
heart around the body and back to the heart by dragging the correct
word from the list below:
14.
Links
Blood is transported from the heart around the __________ and back to the heart
in ______________________. There are ___________ types of blood vessel.
These branch off into ________________. These are smaller but are more
numerous. When it gets to the muscles, blood passes into the ___________.
These are even smaller, but there are millions of them. At the capillaries, the
blood gives up its _______________ and takes in _______________. The blood
starts its journey back to the heart in small veins called ________________. The
blood then passes into larger _______________ before returning to the heart.
Diagram/Table
Activity
venules
capillaries
arteries
blood vessels
body
oxygen
arterioles
veins
carbon dioxide
three
Revision
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UNIT 1 - Activity

15.
Explain four ways in which blood helps the body during exercise.
16.
Complete the table to show how the constituents (parts) of blood

help us when doing sport.
CONSTITUENT
HELPS US WHEN DOING SPORT BY
Red blood cells

Plasma
Links
White blood cells

Platelets
Diagram/Table
Activity
Carrying fuel, in the from of food, to the working muscles and

takes away waste such as CO2
17.
The path that the blood takes can be described as a double loop. What
is each loop called?
Revision
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UNIT 1 - Activity

18.
How would a 1500m runner benefit from higher levels of red blood
cells?
19.
Complete the following table:
Types of blood
vessel
1.
Links
Description and function

Carry oxygenated blood at high pressure from heart to the body. These are the
thickest blood vessels.
They swell as the blood is forced through then recoil back to normal.
You can feel your pulse in them.
2. Capillaries
Diagram/Table
Activity
3.
Revision
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UNIT 1 - Activity

20.
X on the graph shows how a sports persons heart rate responds to a 10

minute run at 12kmph and how it recovers.
Y shows the heart rate response to the same run after a period of regular
endurance training.
Explain the reasons for the changed heart rate pattern.

BPM
180
170
160
150
140
Links
130
120
110
Diagram/Table
100
90
Activity
80
X
Y
70
0 mins
10 mins
TIME
20 mins
Revision
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UNIT 1 - Activity

21.
Answer the following:

a)
How does regular aerobic training affect stroke volume?
b)
How does this affect a persons heart rate and cardiac output when running at a medium pace
for 5 minutes?
Links
Diagram/Table
Activity
Revision
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UNIT 1 Key Facts/ Glossary

Healthy Lifestyles
Blood
Double circuit
Blood flow
Systemic
FUNCTIONS
Cooling of body
Cardiac Output (CO)
Diagram/Table
Blood Vessels
Pulmonary
Links
HEART
Composition of blood
Arteries / Veins / Capillaries
Gaseous Exchange
Vasodilatation
(Sweating)
Vasoconstriction
(Low body
temperature control)
Activity
Blood Pressure (BP)

Revision
SECTION B
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UNIT 1 - Information

The Function of the Cardiovascular System

Supply and transportation of O2 and other nutrients to the body

Removal of waste: CO2 and lactic acid

Stabilisation of body temperature at rest and during exercise

Protection from disease

GCSE Physical Education

The Function of the Cardiovascular System

Structure of the Heart

The HEART is a CARDIAC

Capillaries in the lungs

The heart acts as a PUMP in a

Blood low in oxygen

Blood rich in oxygen

Capillaries in the body

Show blood circulation

GCSE Physical Education

The Function of the Cardiovascular System

Transports oxygenated blood

Transports deoxygenated blood

GCSE Physical Education

The Function of the Cardiovascular System

Deoxygenated blood flows through the VENA CAVA RIGHT

GCSE Physical Education

The Function of the Cardiovascular System

The LEFT HAND SIDE of the heart pumps OXYGENATED

Oxygenated blood through the PULMONARY VEIN LEFT

Show path of oxygenated

GCSE Physical Education

The Function of the Cardiovascular System

STROKE VOLUME (SV)

GCSE Physical Education

The Function of the Cardiovascular System

Cardiac output varies depending on the intensity of the exercise and

Cardiac Output Q = Heart Rate Stroke Volume

GCSE Physical Education

The Function of the Cardiovascular System

Most important function is to transport O 2 (oxygen) to

White Blood Cells

Their chief function is to protect the body against

These bind together to form clots which prevent

Makes up 55% of the total blood volume, 92% of which

GCSE Physical Education

The Function of the Cardiovascular System

These branch off into ARTERIOLES

Oxygen diffuses from blood into

At the capillaries, the blood gives up its

passes into ARTERIES

The blood starts its journey BACK to the

The blood then passes into larger

GCSE Physical Education

The Function of the Cardiovascular System

With exercise, the heart has to work to supply more O2 to muscles. As a

GCSE Physical Education

The Function of the Cardiovascular System

Ways in which blood pressure can be reduced:

AGE, SEX, EXERCISE INTENSITY, STRESS, CIRCULATORY