July 2004

doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/0714r0

LDPC for MIMO Systems

July 8, 2004
Jianuxan Du, du@merl.com
Daqing Gu, dgu@merl.com
Jinyun Zhang, jzhang@merl.com
Mitsubishi Electric Research Lab, Cambridge, MA

July 2004

doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/0714r0

Outline
Introduction
Quasi-block diagonal LDPC for MIMO
systems with layered structure
Simulation comparison with convolutional
codes
Simulation comparison with V-BLAST

July 2004

doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/0714r0

Introduction
Advantages of LDPC
Capacity approaching performance
Parallelizability of decoding, suitable for high
speed implementation
Flexibility: LDPC is simply a kind of linear
block code and its rate can be adjusted by
puncturing, shortening, etc.

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doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/0714r0

Quasi-Block Diagonal LDPC Space-time

Coding for Layered Systems
Feature: The encoding of different layers are
correlated as compared with conventional VBLAST.
Advantage: The space-time LDPC is designed
such that the code can be decoded partially, but
with the help of other layers (undecoded part) by
the introduction of correlation between different
layers.

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doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/0714r0

Parity Check Structure of QBDLDPC

July 2004

doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/0714r0

Encoding of QBD-LDPC
Qn-1 Hn= [Pn I] by Gaussian elimination.
The parity check bits for subcode n are given by
Pnvn+ Qn-1vn-1 , where is vn the input information bit
vector for subcode n, and vn-1 is derived from the
subcode n-1.
With the given structure, the information about
subcode n-1 is also contained in subcode n.
Therefore, information from subcode n can help
decoding subcode n-1.
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doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/0714r0

Decoding of QBD-LDPC

July 2004

doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/0714r0

Decoding of QBD-LDPC (Cont)

The decoding is based on zero-forcing and
interference cancellation, which is made possible
by the lower-triangular structure of the parity
check matrix.
The LLRs of bits in successfully decoded
subcodes are set to maximum or minimum value,
depending on the output, to avoid ambiguity
caused by the introduction of connection matrices.
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doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/0714r0

Performance comparison with

convolutional coding

10

4x4 QBD-LDPC coded layered system

4x4 CC coded layered system

172Mbps
64QAM
Code rate 0.6
Channel Model F

-1

PER

10

-2

10

-3

10

18

18.5

19

19.5

20

20.5

21

21.5

22

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doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/0714r0

Performance Comparison with

Conventional V-BLAST

10

2x2 QBD-LDPC
2x2 LDPC-coded V-BLAST

72Mbps
64QAM
Code rate 0.5
Channel
model F

-1

PER

10

-2

10

-3

10

15

16

17

18
19
SNR (dB)

20

21

22

10

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doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/0714r0

Conclusion
LDPC outperforms convolutional coding by
about 2dB.
The simulated QBD-LDPC system
outperforms conventional LDPC-coded VBLAST by about 0.5dB.

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doc.: IEEE 802.11-04/0714r0

References
[1] R. G. Gallager, Low-Density Parity-Check Codes. Cambridge, MA: MIT
Press, 1963.
[2] B. Lu, X. Wang, and K. R. Narayanan, LDPC-based space-time coded
OFDM systems over correlated fading channels: performance analysis and
receiver design, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 50, pp. 74-88, Jan. 2002.
[3] G. J. Foschini, Layered space-time architecture for wireless communication
in a fading environment when using multi-element antennas, Bell Labs
Technical Journal, pp. 41-59, Aug. 1996.
[4] S. Y. Chung, T. J. Richardson, and R. L. Urbanke, Analysis of sum-product
decoding of low-density parity-check codes using a Gaussian approximation,
IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 47, pp. 657-670, Feb. 2001.
[5] P. Meshkat and H. Jafarkhani, Space-time low-density parity-check codes,
Signals, systems and Computers, Conference Record of the Thirty-Sixth
Asilomar Conference on, vol. 2, pp. 1117-1121, Nov. 2002.

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