OLED

TECHNOLOGY

Saurabh Jain
ECE- B
13620802810
Class No.- 94

INTRODUCTION

Uses organic light emitting diode(OLED).

Emerging Technology for displays in devices.

Main principle behind OLED technology is

electroluminescence.

Offers brighter, thinner, high contrast, flexible

displays.

WHAT IS AN OLED?

OLEDs are solid state devices composed of thin

films of organic molecules that is 100 to 500
nanometres thick.

They

emits

light

with

the

application

of

electricity.

They doesnt require any backlight. i.e., they are

self emitting.

They are made from carbon and hydrogen.

HISTORY

The first OLED device was developed by Eastman

Kodak in 1987.

In 1996, pioneer produces the worlds first

commercial PMOLED.

In 2000, many companies like Motorola, LG etc

developed various displays.

In 2001, Sony developed worlds largest fullcolor

OLED.

HISTORY (CONTD.)

In 2002, approximately 3.5 million passive matrix

OLED sub-displays were sold, and over 10 million
were sold in 2003.

In 2010 and 2011, many companies announced

AMOLED displays.

Many developments had take place in the year

2012.

FEATURES

Flexibility.

Emissive Technology.

Light weight and thin.

Low power consumption.

High contrast, brighter and perfect display from

all angles.

STRUCTURE OF OLED

Substrate.

Anode.

Organic layer.
-Conductive layer (Hole Transport Layer).

made up of polyaniline or metal-phthalocyanine.

-Emissive layer( Electron Transport Layer).

made up of polyfluorene or metal chelates.

Cathode.

STRUCTURE OF OLED(FIGURE)

OLED FABRICATION

Substrate preparation.

Device deposition

Deposit and pattern anode.

Pattern organic layers.

Vacuum deposit and pattern cathode.

Encapsulation.

Also involves making backplane.

OLED DEPOSITION

Organic layers can be applied to the substrate

using the following methods.
- Evaporation and shadow masking.
- Inkjet printing.
- Organic vapor phase deposition.

EVAPORATION AND SHADOW

MASKING

INKJET PRINTING

WORKING PRINCIPLE

A voltage is applied across the anode and cathode.

Current flows from cathode to anode through the

organic layers.

Electrons flow to emissive layer from the cathode.

Electrons

are removed from

conductive layer

leaving holes.

Holes jump into emissive layer .

Electron and hole combine and light emitted.

WORKING PRINCIPLE(FIGURE)

OLED DEVICE OPERATION

Transparent
substrate

Anode
(ITO)

Conductive
layer

Emissive
layer
e

LUMO

e
LUMO

Light

HOMO
HOMO
h+

h+

h+

Cathode

TYPES OF OLED
Six types of OLEDs

Passive matrix OLED(PMOLED).

Active matrix OLED(AMOLED).

Transparent OLED(TOLED).

Top emitting OLED.

Flexible OLED(FOLED).

White OLED(WOLED).

PASSIVE MATRIX OLED

ACTIVE MATRIX OLED

TRANSPARENT OLED

TOP EMITTING OLED

FLEXIBLE OLED

OLED ADVANTAGES
Thinner,
Do

lighter and more flexible.

not require backlighting like LCDs.

Can

be made to larger sizes.

Large

fields of view, about 170 degrees.

Faster

response time.

Brighter.
High

resolution, <5m pixel size.

OLED DISADVANTAGES

Expensive.

Lifespan.

Water damage.

Colour balance issues .

OLED VS. LCD

OLED

LCD

Greater view angle.

High contrast.

Limited view angle.

Faster response time.

Low contrast.

Do not require backlighting.

Slow response time.

Temperature(~50C 80C).

Require backlighting.

Temperature(~0C-100C).

APPLICATIONS
Major applications of OLED technology are

OLED TV.

Mobile phones with OLED screens.

Rolltop Laptop.

OLED TV

MOBILE PHONES WITH OLED

SCREEN

ROLLTOP LAPTOP

CONCLUSION

Organic Light Emitting Diodes are evolving as

the next generation displays.

As OLED display technology matures, it will be

better able to improve upon certain existing
limitations of LCD including

high power consumption

limited viewing angles

poor contrast ratios.

Thank You
Saurabh Jain
BPIT