DSS

IMPLEMENTATION

Implementation

introduction of change
getting a newly develop of
significantly changed system to be
used by those for whom it was
intended
an ongoing process (particularly with
prototyping) seeds of implementation
are sown from initial stages of project

Measuring success

Use (Usage) of the system

User satisfaction

ease of use

- usefulness

Benefit / cost

increased sales

- cost reductions
- costs of development, maintenance
- better understanding, learning

Success Factors

technical
behavioral
change management
process and structure
user involvement and training
organizational support
external environment
project related

Technical factors

Generally there are limitations of

current technology and limitations
of resource (money, time,
expertise)

Behavioural factors

perception (attitudes, beliefs,

expectations, motivation) of users
and behaviours

Behavioural factors

Decision/cognitive styles

analytical/intuitive

Organizational climate/culture
- attitude to innovation/change/learning
- openness
- trust between users and developers
- attitude and leadership of senior
managers

Behavioural factors
(ctd.)

Organizational expectations

overexpectation/undelivery recipe for failure

- expectations need to be managed

Organizational politics

implementation of large, significant,

sensitive
projects are subject to battles for
influence/power

Resistance to change

rivalries and territorial threats

fear of obsolescence
resistance to outsiders
job security
information as power
communication pattern changes
privacy concerns
fear of unknown

Change management

Unfreezing
- creating an awareness of the need for change and a
climate of receptivity

Moving
- changing the magnitude of direction of the forces
defining
the initial situation, developing new methods,
learning new
attitudes and behaviours

Refreezing
- reinforcing the changes that have occurred thereby
maintaining/stabilizing a new equilibrium situation

Process factors

top management support through

Linking management needs of business to

the DSS
- educating senior management
- developing system priorities and gaining
confidence
in the recommended system
- rapid development of low-risk managerial
useful
systems

Process factors (ctd.)

Management and user commitment to

the project
- change
- increased by involvement

Institutionalization

process by which DSS becomes an ongoing

part of
the organizational activities
- occurs through

succession, diffusion, changes in organization

structure/process

User involvement and

training

involvement of direct users essential for

successful design and implementation
training

provided in-house and/or by a vendor

- describe system, rationale, hoe to seek help,

how
to give feedback
- needs to be ongoing as new people enter system
and whenever significant changes take place

Project factors

Whilst project take place in a

climate influenced by other factors
the project itself is likely to be
evaluated on cost/benefit criteria
both monetary and otherwise e.g.
learning
Project management necessary
- who, when, what resources

Implementation tactics

Divide project into manageable pieces

- use prototypes, evolutionary approach, series of
tools
Keep solution simple
Develop a satisfactory support base
- user participation, commitment, management
support, sell the system
Meet user needs and institutionalize the system
- tailor system, provide training, diffusion and
exposure

DSS Working Definition

DSS Working Definition

A DSS is an interactive, flexible, and adaptable

Computer Based Information Systems, specially
developed for supporting the solution of a nonstructured management problem for improved
decision making. It utilizes data, it provides easy
user interface, and it allows for the decision
makers own insights
DSS also utilizes models (either standard and/or
custom-made), it is built by an interactive
process (frequently by end-users), it supports all
the phases of the decision making

Benefit of DSS

support solution of complex problems

fast response to unexpected situations
try different strategies
new insights and learning
facilitated communication
improved management control and
performance
cost saving
objective decision
improved managerial effectiveness
improved productivity of analysts

Topik-topik tugas:

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan

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Artificial Neural Networks

Expert Systems
Distributed GSS
DSS Applications
Intelligent Agents
Group Decision Support Systems.
Supply Chain Management
Knowledge Management
Decision Support Systems in industry
Data Mining