FINGERPRINT:FINGER BIOMETRICS

by Rajasekaran.T

INTRODUCTION
Fingerprinting was first created by Dr.
Fault, a British surgeon in 1882.
It based on KEY.

Henry

Fingerprint Patterns
Arch- The ridges enter from one side of the finger, rise in the
centre forming an arc, and then exit the other side of the finger.
Loop-The ridges enter from one side of a finger, form a
curve, and then exit on that same side.

Whorl-Ridges form circularly around a central point on

the finger.

Arch

Loop

Whorl

The human population has fingerprints in the following

percentages:
Loop 65%
Whorl -- 30%
Arch -- 5%
population
Sales

Loop
Whorl
Loop
Arch
whorl
Arch

Whorl
1.Double Loop
Whorl.
2.Plan whorl.
3.Central.
pocket Loop whorl.
4.Accidental whorl.

Loop
1.Uinar Loop.
2.Radial Loop.

Arch
1.Plain Arch.
2.Tented Arch.

Different Identification on Fingerprint

Crossover: two ridges cross
each other
Core: centre
Bifurcation: ridge separates
Ridge ending: end point
Island: small ridge b/w two
spaces
Delta: space between ridges
Pore: human pore

Bifurcation

Opposed
bifurcation

Ridge crossing

Bridge

Island (short
ridge)

Ridge ending

Dot

Hook (spur)

Trifurcation

Double bifurcation

Lake (enclosure)

Opposed
bifurcation/ridge
ending)

Fingerprint matching techniques

There are two categories of fingerprint matching techniques:
1. minutiae-based .
2. correlation based.
. Minutiae-based techniques first find minutiae points and then
map their relative placement on the finger.

The correlation-based method is able to overcome some of the

difficulties of the minutiae-based approach.

Two main technologies used to capture image of the fingerprint

Optical sensor use light refracted through a prism. An optical sensor
based reader uses light to read and acquire fingerprint images. Optical
sensors can be affected by a number of real life factors such as stray
light, surface contamination or even prior fingerprint impressions
present on the sensor surface. Hence it is essential to clean the
fingerprint reader glass on a regular basis for optimal performance.
Capacitive sensor detect voltage changes in skin between ridges and
valleys. Capacitive sensors use electric current to sense a fingerprint
and capture the image. As sensors apply a small voltage to the finger, a
real fingerprint is required rather than a visual impression of it. This
technique makes the fingerprint reader more reliable as it becomes
harder to fake enrolment.

Image Processing
Capture the fingerprint images and process them through a series of
image processing algorithms to obtain a clear unambiguous skeletal
image of the original gray tone impression, clarifying smudged areas,
removing extraneous artifacts and healing most scars, cuts and breaks.

Bio-Link SDK

Advantage of Fingerprint:
a. Very high accuracy.
b. Is the most economical biometric PC user authentication technique.
c. Easy to use.
d. Small storage space required for the biometric template, reducing the
size of the database memory required
e. It is standardized.

Disadvantage of Fingerprint:
a. For some people it is very intrusive, because is still related to criminal
identification.
b. It can make mistakes with the dryness or dirty of the fingers skin, as well
as with the age (is not appropriate with children, because the size of their
fingerprint changes quickly).

-THANK YOU-