Trng i hc Khoa Hc T Nhin

Khoa Mi Trng
BI GING IN T

NH GI RI RO MI TRNG
GVGD: ThS. Trn Th Dim Thy
CN: Qun l mi trng
ST: 0903013459
Email: ttdthuy@hcmuns.edu.vn

MC TIU MN HC

Gii thiu cc k thut v khi nim

bn trong nh gi ri ro mi trng(ERA)
2. Gii thiu cc phn tch d liu nh lng
lin quan n ERA
3. Nhm hiu bit qui trnh nh gi ri ro cho
h sinh thi v sc khe ca con ngi.
4. Nhm t c cc quan im khoa hc v
phng php lun vo nhng vn hin nay trong ERA

CC MN HC C LIN QUAN
nh gi tc ng mi trng
c hc mi trng
Ho hc, sc kho v mi trng
Sinh thi mi trng
Con ngi v mi trng
Qun l mi trng

THI LNG V HNH THC DY

Thi lng: 30 tit , gm 5 chng.

Hnh thc ging dy:
Ging vin ging trn lp phn tng quan
Sinh vin trnh by seminar theo nhm cc chuyn v
rao i/ tng tc trc tip vi ging vin v nhng vn
Cn lm r thm
Sinh vin lm bi tp theo nhm.

NI DUNG CHNG TRNH

C1 Tng quan v ERA v nhng vn lin quan
C2 M hnh nh gi ri ro mi trng
C3 Qun l ri ro mi trng
C4 nh gi ri ro mi trng i vi cht thi nguy hi
C5

ERA gy ra bi cc ho cht c hi

Ti liu tham kho

. Ti liu tham kho chnh:

Bi ging: nh gi ri ro mi trng ,TS. Ch nh
L . Vin Mi Trng v Ti Nguyn.
nh gi ri ro mi trng, TS. L Th Hng Trn, nh
ut bn khoa hc v k thut.
. Tham kho ph:
Bi ging: Ho hc, sc khe v mi trng .
TS. L Thanh Hi
Proposed guidelines for environmental risk assessment.
www. Google.com.vn vi cc t kho: Environmental Risk
ssessment, Exposure assessment, Risk managenment.

MT S THUT NG

Mi nguy hi

Chng 1:Tng quan v ERA v nhng vn lin quan

1.1. Cc khi nim c bn v ri ro v nh gi ri ro
1.2. Khi nim v ri ro mi trng v ERA.
1.3. Lch s ca nh gi ri ro mi trng
1.4. Cch tnh v o lng ri ro v cc loi ri ro
1.5. Phn loi nh gi ri ro mi trng
1.6. Qui trnh nh gi ri ro mi trng tng qut

1.1. Cc khi nim c bn v ri ro v nh gi ri ro

Chng 1:Tng quan v ERA v nhng vn lin quan

1.1. Cc khi nim c bn v ri ro v nh gi ri ro
- RI RO : l xc sut ca mt tc ng bt li ln con ngi
v mi trng do tip xc vi mi nguy hi.
- NH GI RI RO: t ra cc cu hi

1. Ci g c th sai st?
2. Tn sut xy ra nh th no?
3. Cc hu qu ca n l g?

 Cc ri ro t ra bi cng ngh ln x hi v mi trng l

g? (nh gi ri ro)
Cc ri ro ny c th chp nhn hay khng( ri ro/ li ch)
Cc ri ro ny c th c gim thiu khng? ( rt ra cc
phng n la chn)
Da trn c s no chng ta s c th chn cc phng n
? ( gi tr/ tc ng hay chi ph/ li ch)
nh gi
ri ro

Qun l
ri ro

Ph tn kinh
t
Cc gi tr

Nhng vn
lut php

Cng thc tnh

1. Ri ro = tn xut(P) x hu qu(S)
Trong :
- P: tn sut( s ln xy ra trong mt qung thi gian)
- S: mc thit hi ngn hn, cp tnh)

2. Ri ro = phi nhim x tc ng
- Phi nhim: pht ti lin tc, mc thp
- Tc ng : mn tnh, lu di

Cc gi tr ri ro( ri ro nn)

Hot ng
- Ht 10 iu thuc / ngy
-

Tai nn xe my
Tai nn lao ng
Ngi i b b xe gn my dng
Ung 2 chai bia / ngy
Ngi trong phng c khi
B ht d ( 4 mung/ ngy)
Ung nc b nhim
Trichloroethene

Ri ro hng nm
1/ 1.000
2,4/1.000.000
8/ 100.000
4/100.000
4/100.000
1/ 100.000
8/ 1.000.000
2/ 1000.000.000

 nh gi ri ro(RA)
L tin trnh thng qua , cc kt qu ca phn tch ri
ro( vd: c lng ri ro) c s dng cho vic quyt nh
hoc l thng qua xp hng tng i ca cc chin lc
gim thiu ri ro hay thng qua so snh vi cc mc tiu ri
ro.
Qun l ri ro:
quy hoch, t chc, hng dn v kim sot ca cc ti sn
ca t chc theo nhng cch lm ti thiu ho nhng tc
ng ti chnh v tc ng ngc ca cc thit hi do tai nn
i vi t chc ( nh my) hay a im.

1.2. Khi nim v ri ro mi trng v ERA

a ra cc chi tit v cc tc ng c hi c th xy ra ca
cch cht hay hot ng ln con ngi v mi trng.
nh gi ri ro mi trng s tch hp:
- D liu sinh thi hc
- D liu c hc
- Kinh nghim con ngi
- Thng tin v phi nhim,
- Tc ng ca ho cht
- D liu vn chuyn
- Thng k v xc sut.
- Cc cng c tin hc

nh ngha ri ro mi trng
Ri ro mi trng xc sut m mi nguy hi s
xy ra gy ra bi phi nhim mt mi nguy hi c
trong mi trng nh ho cht c hi, vi khun,
bc x,
Mi nguy hi ngun ca mi nguy hi mi
trng
Phi nhim cc ng dn gia ngun nguy hi
v qun th b tc ng hay ti nguyn b tc ng.

nh gi ri ro mi trng(ERA)
Lin quan n cc ri ro sinh ra hay c bin i trong
khng kh , t , nc, chui thc n sinh hc.
Tip cn nhm t chc v phn tch tri thc v thng tin
khoa hc i vi cc hot ng nguy hi tim tng hay i
vi cc cht c th phi by ri ro di nhng iu kin xc
nh.

ERA l nh gi nh lng v nh tnh

ca ri ro phi by i vi sc kho hay h
sinh thi bi mt mi nguy hi trong mi
trng.

RA l cng c quan trng ca cc lnh vc

An ton khng gian.

Phc hi mi trng cc a im nhim
Ci thin s an ton trong cc nh my ho cht.
Ci thin s an ton trong cc nh my pht
in( chy bng du la thay thit b ht nhn)
Xc lp t l bo him dn s

Trng tm ca RA
Mt s tp trung vo s kin s nh lng ho
ca cc hu qu khng mong mun ca cng
ngh nh cc tc ng sc kho con ngi v s suy
thoi mi trng.
Khng tp trung vo tnh gi tr s nh gi ca
cc tc ng khng mong mun ca cng ngh ln
cch thc m chng ta ang sng.

1.4. Cch tnh v o lng ri ro v cc loi ri ro

Cc loi ri ro( chui v cc hu qu)
S kin
phi nhim
Pht thi
t xut

Cp tnh

Mn tnh

hu qu
Cc tc
ng cp
tnh
Cc tc ng
tim tn

Cc tc ng tim tng

Pht thi thng

xuyn

Mn tnh

Cc tc ng tim tng

1.5. Cc loi ri ro nguy him

1. Nguy hi t nhin
2. C s h tng
3. Cp ti ch

Ri ro do tn hi t nhin

Bnh ngoi da
L lt
Nhit bng gi
Trt t v bn
Chiu sng
Hot ng a chn
Bng tuyt
Lc xoy
Sng thn
La rng hoang

Ri ro c s h tng

Hm m
Cng ng
Dch v khn cp
Tc ng ngh nghip
H thng kim sot l
Cc bnh vin
Lung vt liu
H tng bn cnh
Dch v cng
H thng giao thng; cc dch v tin ch: in, kh thin
nhin, nc sinh hot, x l nc thi, vin thng,

Ri ro mc ti mt im

Phi nhim aming

H thng kh nn
H thng cng c v kim tra
Phn phi in
Cc phi nhim t bn ngoi
X l kh hi
Cc thit b h tng v cng trnh
Chy n
S thay i qun l
S qun l ca nh thu
H thng vin thng
H thng nc
H thng nc thi

D liu u vo ca RA

Cng dng ca ho cht

Cc hot ng hp ng
S tin cy ca thit b
Cc s kin bn ngoi
M t h tng v thit b
Tai nn trong qu kh
S tin cy ca con ngi
Cc bn hng dn: qui trnh v chnh sch, thit k cng
ngh, an ton, bo tr.
Cng dng ca vt liu
Kh tng
Dn s
a hnh

Cc m hiu/ tiu chun dng nh gi ri ro

Dng cc m hiu qui nh quc t hay cc tiu chun qui
nh ca quc gia v quc t. V d:

NFPA 551 (Proposed): guide for Evaluation of

Fire Risk Assessments
ANSI B11.TR3- 2000: Risk Assessment &
Risk Reduction A Guide to Estimate,
Evaluate & Reduce Risks Associated with
Machine Tools
EN1050: Safety of machinery Principles for
risk assessment

Xc nh ri ro v nh lng ho

Cc m hiu v tiu chun

Cc k thut nh gi ri ro
Hin trng da trn m hiu

Cc loi nh gi ri ro

nh gi ri ro sc kho: HRA
nh gi ri ro sinh thi: EcoRA
nh gi ri ro cng nghip: IRA

nh gi ri ro sc kho
L tin trnh s dng cc thng tin thc t xc
nh s phi nhim ca c th hay qun th i vi
vt liu nguy hi hay hon cnh nguy hi.
Sc kho con ngi c th b ri ro bi nhiu vic
trong mi trng nh:
- Cc cht sinh hc( an ton thc phm, sinh vt bin
i gen, vi trng,)
- Cc cht vt l( bc x ion)
- p lc tm l
- Cc ho cht ( CN, NN, .)

Nhng vn trong nh gi ri ro sc kho

Th nghim ng vt v cht gy ung th tim nng
Chuyn t kt qa th nghim trn V sang ngi
cn nhiu tranh ci v khoa hc
Cc gi nh phi nhim d dt thi qu
Vn quan im, s kh chp nhn v truyn
thng v ri ro
X hi quan tm hn v kinh t, ngi nh gi kin
nhn v c cch truyn thng ph hp
Cc vt ch th sinh hc: cn my mc c tin

nh gi ri ro sinh thi
1. nh gi ri ro i vi ho cht
2. nh gi ri ro i vi cc sn phm
bo v thc vt
3. nh gi ri ro sinh vt bin i gen

Nhng vn phi gii quyt ca EcoRA

Xc nh cc tc ng cp qun x, qun th
La chn ch im nh gi (i tng cn bo v)
La chn cc loi tiu biu
La chn thc a, PTN, cc th nghim sinh vt
nh v ln
Kt hp vi cc yu t thch nghi v phc hi ca h
sinh thi.

nh gi ri ro cng nghip
1. GRR a im c bit i vi s pht thi khng
theo qui trnh
2. GRR a im c bit i vi s pht thi theo
qui trnh
3. nh gi ri ro giao thng
4. Lp k hoch ti chnh
5. GRR sn phm v nh gi chu trnh sn phm
6. Cc o lng gim v gim thiu ri ro