Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Teaching Aids DR DMK
Teaching Aids DR DMK
in teaching
Dr D. Murali Krishna
Dr D. Shankar Reddy
METU Tirupati
Activity
Group
Group
Group
Group
METU Tirupati
A : Flip chart
B : Black/white board teaching
C : OHP
D: Power point presentation.
TASK
Stage One
Using your AV Aid prepare
the topic given to you .
Time alloted : 15 mts
Stage Two
Presentation 4 mts
Stage Three
Comments from facilitators and other groups 2
mts
METU Tirupati
Introduction
Learning objectives
Definition
Classification
Advantages and disadvantages of
each audio visual aid
METU Tirupati
Introduction
Teaching is an art it requires
METU Tirupati
METU Tirupati
Learning Objectives
By the end of this session, you should be able to:
Choose the most appropriate visual aid for your
purpose and context,
Use the black-/white-board effectively,
Make the most of the overhead projector, Flip chart
Produce a basic presentation with MS PowerPoint,
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of
other media.
METU Tirupati
Types of AV AIDS
1.Non projected visual aids:
a) Chalkboard
b) Display boards, cards and charts
2.Projected visual aids:
a)Overhead projector
b) LCD projector
c) Direct projector
3.Audio aids:
4.Written aids
METU Tirupati
10
Types contd.
5.Patients and real objects
6.Three-dimensional representations:
a) Models
b) Simulators
7.Simulation and Role play
8.Audiovisual aids:
a) Video tape system
b) Tape slide system and cine film
c) Video scope
d) LCD panel
e) Virtual reality (VR)
9.Mass communication media:
b) Television
METU Tirupati
a) Radio
11
Blackboard
1801 James Pillans
invented black
board in Scotland *
*Wikipedia
METU Tirupati
12
WHITE-/BLACKBOARD
Advantages
Disadvantages
No advanced preparation
required, except when
displaying a complex
table/chart/ diagram.
Technology independent .
Can be used by students
for problem-solving, etc.
METU Tirupati
13
WHITE-/BLACKBOARD
TIPS
Get to the lecture hall early to make sure that the
board has been cleaned.
Bring your own chalk/markers and eraser.
If you have problems writing level, draw
horizontal lines in advance using a pencil and
metre stick.
Draw complex diagrams, charts, etc. in advance
Cleaning
METU Tirupati
14
METU Tirupati
15
Flip chart
METU Tirupati
16
Advantages
Notes, diagrams or
flowcharts can be prepared
in advance
Pages can be removed
from the pad and taped on
the walls
Can be preserved for
display even after the class
METU Tirupati
17
Disadvantages
Not effective for large group
The chart cannot hold large amount
of material
Writing on the chart while the
session is going on is time
consuming
Handwriting
METU Tirupati
18
FLIPCHART
When to USE:
if electricity is
unavailable,
to enable students
to illustrate group
reports,
to provide a
written record of
points made by
students.
TIPS
Check the room and
equipment beforehand.
Get your own pad of
newsprint.
Write out important pages in
advance.
Dont put too much on a page.
Carry a collection of felt-tip
pens.
METU Tirupati
19
OHP
Over head projector
Invented in mid 20th century
Uses large Fresnel lens that
collimates the light
Used to project previously
prepared transparencies
Magnification is about 5
times
METU Tirupati
20
OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
Advantages
Allows you to prepare all your slides in advance.
Best suited for complex diagrams, charts and
Can build up information point-by-point through
the use of overlays.
Dont have to turn your back on the audience.
easily available and inexpensive
Can be prepared easily , quickly and preserved for
future.
METU Tirupati
21
Disadvantages
A blown bulb or power
failure can spoil all your
hard work.
Image quality can also be a
problem.
Transparency can go out of
focus if it is moved on the
stage
METU Tirupati
22
Operation of Projector
2 mt away from screen
Good picture is obtained when
mirror is 45 to horizontal plane.
Before switching off , ensure cool
air comes out of exhaust.
METU Tirupati
23
OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
Preparing Transparencies
By hand, or
Computer application (eg. MS PowerPoint, MS
Word, HTML documents)
Printing - colour or B/W
Printer (laser or inkjet), or
Photocopier
METU Tirupati
24
METU Tirupati
25
OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
Avoid overcrowding
Avoid continuous prose
Bullet or numbered points preferred
The rule of six
Progressive disclosure
KILLS
Keep It Legible, Lean and Simple
METU Tirupati
26
OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
Tables are best avoided:
METU Tirupati
27
OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
Use Charts/Graphs instead:
METU Tirupati
28
Slide projector
Uses 35 mm slides
METU Tirupati
29
Advantages
Suitable for large and small group
Easy to carry can be stored and reused
With automatic slide projector and remote
control the speaker can manage slide
independently
Allows projection of x-ray images, scans,
specimens etc.
METU Tirupati
30
Disadvantages
Need to darken the hall
for slide projection
Loss of eye contact
with the students
Excessive numbers will
result in loss of
communication
METU Tirupati
31
Good slide
Convey only one idea per
slide
Slide should be simple with
adequate margins
Six lines per slide
Title 5 words or less and
outlines 7 words or less
METU Tirupati
32
METU Tirupati
33
Advantages
Keeps the attention on the topic
Slide lay out, colour, font can be modified
All types of multimedia can be presented
Animation can be given for cues or
emphasis
Video clips can be incorporated
METU Tirupati
34
Disadvantages
METU Tirupati
35
Connections
METU Tirupati
36
How to connect a
projector
METU Tirupati
37
METU Tirupati
38
METU Tirupati
39
Bad slide
This page contains too many words for a
presentation slide. It is not written in point
form, making it difficult both for your
audience to read and for you to present
each point. Although there are exactly the
same number of points on this slide as the
previous slide, it looks much more
complicated. In short, your audience will
spend too much time trying to read this
paragraph instead of listening to you.
METU Tirupati
40
Audiovisual Errors
METU Tirupati
METU Tirupati
42
Audiovisual Errors
Use special effects sparingly
They rarely add anything to the
presentation
And can be extremely annoying and
distracting!
Graphics can be distracting
METU Tirupati
43
BACKGROUND BAD
Avoid backgrounds that are
distracting or difficult to read from
Always be consistent with the
background that you use
METU Tirupati
44
45
METU Tirupati
46
Font Size
titles -
40 to
text - 28 to
72 pt
40 pt
METU Tirupati
47
48
49
Font Colors
chromatic aberration of the
eye causes different colors in
the slide to appear to be at
different depths; and makes it
hard to read
dont do it!
METU Tirupati
50
METU Tirupati
51
Other Media
AUDIO TAPES or CDs
When to USE:
Particularly suited for
language learning,
media studies
Valuable when referring
to recorded historical
events
Background music can
also be played before
class starts and during
group activities.
METU Tirupati
TIPS
Check the room and
equipment beforehand.
Find the right spot on the
tape/CD and queue it up in
advance.
Dont play more than a few
minutes of audio at one time.
Break up longer clips into
segments, interspersed with
discussion or other activities.
52
Other Media
TIPS
VIDEO TAPES or
DVDs
When to USE:
Check equipment
beforehand.
53
METU Tirupati
54
METU Tirupati
55
Quiz
Click the
METU Tirupati