Chapter 7

Record, Examine and

Develop

1. Record The Facts

Serves

the basis for subsequent

analysis and examination
Recording can be done in two
phases:
1st phase: A Rough sketch ,to know
whether the recorded information is
of any use
2nd phase: A more formal accurate
chart or diagram

CHARTS and DIAGRAMS

Recording

by writing them down is a tedious process

Charts and diagrams makes it simpler
CHARTS can be grouped into two categories:
1. Those which are used to record process sequence
events depicted in order but not to scale
2. Those which record events, also in sequence but on
a time scale
DIAGRAMS are used to indicate movement and/or
inter-relationships of movement

Most commonly used method

study charts and diagrams
A. CHARTS Indicating Process SEQUENCE
Outline process chart
Flow process chart-worker type
Flow process chart- Equipment type
Flow process chart Material type
Two handed process chart
Procedure flowcharts
B. CHARTS Using TIME SCALE
Multiple Activity chart
Simo Chart
C. DIAGRAMS Indicating MOVEMENT
Flow Diagrams
String diagram
Cyclegraph
Chronocyclegraph
Travel chart

PROCESS CHART
SYMBOLS
OPERATION
-the main step in a process, method or procedure
-product is modified or changed usually
INSPECTION
- Indicates an inspection for quality and/or check for quantity
TRANSPORT
- Indicates the movement of worker, materials or equipment from place to place
TEMPORARY STORAGE OR DELAY
- Indicates a delay in the sequence of events
PERMANENT STORAGE
Indicates a controlled storage in which material is received into or issued
from a
store under some form of authorization, or an item is retained for reference purpose
COMBINED ACTIVITIES
When it is desired to show activities performed at the same time or by the same
operative at the same workstation, the symbols for those activities are combined

Method study symbols

Outline Process Chart

It

gives an overall picture by

recording in sequence only the main
operations and inspections
Who does them and where they are
performed is irrelevant here
With symbols and their sequence, a
brief note of nature of each
operation and inspection is made
beside the symbol

Flow Process charts

To

go into greater details, first stage is to construct a flow process

chart
A flow process chart is a process chart setting out the sequence of
the flow of a product or a procedure by recording all events under
review using the appropriate process chart symbols.
Flow

process chart Worker type: records what the worker does.

Flow

process chart Material type: records how materials are

handles or treated

Flow

process chart Equipment type: records how the equipment

is used

Prepared same as outline process chart including symbols of

transport, delay and storage too

2. Examine critically: The

questioning technique
The

questioning technique is the

means by which the critical
examination is conducted, each
activity being subjected in turn to a
systematic and progressive series of
questions
Questions asked in two sets:
1. Primary Questions
2. Secondary Questions

Primary Questions

Secondary Questions
The

secondary questions cover the second

stage of the questioning technique, during
which the answers to the primary questions
are subjected to further query to determine
whether possible alternatives of place,
sequence, persons and/or means are
practicable and preferable as a means of
improvement upon the existing method.

Questions

asked are: What else might be

done? And hence: What should be done?

Secondary questions:

3. Develop the improved

method
Work

study specialist should be

aware of the range of techniques
that are available to them in
developing a new improved model.
If further improvement is possible,
go for it.

Example:
Receiving
Record:

and inspecting aircraft parts

The sequence activities is one

of the unloading from the delivery truck
cases containing aircraft parts, checking,
inspecting and marking them before
putting them into store.
Examine critically: Study the recorded
diagram and process

 Develop
Directly

the improved model:

placed to hand truck

Taken directly to unpacking space
Opened on hand truck itself and delivery note is taken
Transported to receiving bench
Unpacked and parts put on bench
Counted and checked against delivery note
Passes hand to hand for inspection, measuring and then
numbering
Finally replaced in the cartons and repacked in the case,
which is still on the truck
To Avoid roundabouts, new doorway into the stor opposite
to the benches

Thank
You