A presentation on

Envelope Tracking in Power

Amplifiers
under the guidance of

Dr. (Mrs.) Meenakshi Rawat

Assistant Professor, Department
of ECE
IIT Roorkee
PRESENTED BY
ANURAG VIJAY AGRAWAL
RESEARCH SCHOLAR

DEPARTMENT OF ECE , IITR

Outline

Introduction

Why Envelope Tracking (ET) ?

Envelope Tracking

Advantages

Energy Conservation

Energy Consumption

Market Scenario

Introduction

Mobile device functionality has evolved dramatically over

the past decade and continues to expand with
applications such as social media, music and video
streaming, gaming, cloud storage, and connectivity with
other devices.

The longtime usage of the battery is getting very

important.

The Power amplifier (PA) is the most power-consuming component in

the handset so there has been many efforts to improve efficiency of the
PA.

Introduction

continued

Why Envelope Tracking ?

In the past, a PA was connected directly

to the battery of a phone or an APT
DC/DC converter. Both methods provide
a higher voltage than needed to the PA,
which is wasteful.

ET replaces these outdated methods by

delivering a precisely controlled voltage to
the PA, so the PA is always operating at its
best efficiency.

Envelope Tracking

Envelope Tracking

Envelopetracking(ET) describes an approach toRF

amplifier design in which the power supply voltage
applied to the power amplifier is continuously adjusted
to ensure that the amplifier is operating at peak
efficiency for power required at each instant of
transmission.

A conventional RF amplifier designed with a fixed

supply voltage operates most efficiently only
when operating in compression.

Amplifiers operating with a constant supply voltage become less

efficient as thecrest factor of the signal increases, because the
amplifier spends more time operating below peak power and,
therefore, spends more time operating below its maximum efficiency.

Envelope Trackingcontinued

Advantages

Increased Battery Life

Reduced Case Temperature

Improved Signal Strength

Energy Conservation / Carbon

credits

While the annual electricity requirements of charging a

smartphone are negligible, let's see the power of multiplication.

Global smartphone shipments (which includes people

upgrading to newer phones) will reach567 million unitsthis
year alone. And by 2016,1 billionpeople worldwide will own
smartphones.

Even if we consider just the 200 million iPhone 6's that are
projected to be sold globally in one year, the energy
consumption is as The iPhone 6 consumed 10.5 watt-hours
to charge, taking 1 hour and 48 minutes. Multiplying
0.0105 kWh/day by 365 days = 3.83 kWh per year. At the
average India residential rate ofRs 5/kWh,annual
charging cost is projected to be Rs 19.15 per year.

Annual Power Consumption iPhone6 3.83x200x1000000

= 766,000,000 kWh.

Electric power consumption

(kWh) 754,612,000,000 kWh as of 2010

Market Scenario

In 2013,Qualcomm became the first company to ship a chip with such technology,
which it claimed to be the industrys first for3Gand4GLTE mobile devices. R2
Semiconductor became the industry's first ET company to ship a phone with ET in
theSamsung Galaxy S5 Mini.
As of September 2014, at least 16 phones employ ET, including theSamsung
Galaxy Note 3,Galaxy S5 Mini,Nexus 5, andiPhone 6.Other component makers
evaluating the technology include R2 Semiconductor,Mediatek,RF Micro
Devices,Skyworks,Texas Instruments,Analog Devices, Nujira and Eta Devices.
Eta Devices, an MIT spinoff based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, is preparing a base
station module and a chip that it claims decreases battery drain and work well in
high-bandwidth applications. The company says the chip helps lower electricity
consumption by 20 percent and helps reduce heat generation by up to 30 percent.
Eta's approach increases efficiency at the cost of greater signal noise. The company
uses advanceddigital signal processingto handle the problem. The Eta basestation,
a little smaller than a shoebox, is the first 4G LTE transmitter to achieve average
efficiency greater than 70 percent, up from the typical 45 to 55 percent.
A limitation of envelope tracking is that the technology cannot support channels
wider than 20-40MHz. As a result, envelope tracking is not suitable for ultra
wideband applications including LTE Advanced which uses channels up to 100MHz.
A new generation of the technology, known as Envelope Tracking Advanced
(ETAdvanced), works also for ultra wideband channels.