Cellular Transport

Moves substances into and

out of the cell.
Ø Movement of particles
from an area of higher
concentration to an Ø Is the movement of
Diffusion/Osmosis
area of low
concentration. particles from an
area of higher
Ø Once evenly distributed
molecules will continue concentration to an
to move but overall area of low
concentration will NOT concentration.
change.
Ø When substances
 -This is called dynamic pass freely from in
equilibrium.
and out of the cell
Ø Another form of
transport is facilitated
through the
diffusion, which uses membrane.
proteins to move other
ions and small
molecules across the
membrane.

• tutorial
 Isotonic/Hypotonic/Hypertonic

Solutions
Isotonic-are two solutions that have
the same concentration of a solute.
 When seperated, means of a
permeable membranes the osmosis
doesn’t occur.
 Hypotonic-is one of two
solutions that has lower concentration
of a solute
 Due to osmosis, the net
movement of water through the
membrane causes pressure generated
from the water flow and the result is
the water expanding the cell
 Hypertonic – is one of two
solutions that has a higher
concentrated
 Animal cell, this solution causes
it to shrivel bacause decrease of
pressure.
 Plant cell, loses water within the
cell and which would lead to shriveling.
 Passive and Active Transport
 Passive-random  Active-processes in
movement of which a cell moves a
molecules that lead a substance across a
net movement of membrane from a
molecules from a high lower concentration to
concentration to a low a high concentration.
concentration. Ø helps maintain
Ø this requires no homeostasis.
energy, what-so- Ø occurs with the aid of
ever! carrier proteins
Ø all molecules and ions called pumps that
are in constant helps it go in the
motion, this is right direction and
energy of maintain its proper
motion(kinetic) and balance.
this drives passive 
transport
 Phospholipids
Ø Composed of two fatty acid
chains, a glycerol molecule
and a phosphate group.
Ø have a polar head (attracts
molecules) and non-polar
tails (repel molecules).
Ø phosphate group forms the
outside of each layer and
fatty acid chains the inside
of each layer.
Ø can move sideways within a
layer(They are NOT bonded
to eachother).
 -Allows the Plasma
Membrane to easily change
shape
•
 Endocytosis and Exocytosis
The cell membrane acts like a
Exocytosis-is the secretion of

barrier that allows certain materials at the plasma
substances to pass freely but blocks membrane.
the passage for others. Some Ø Cells use this to repel waste
substances too large to move and to secrete substances,
through the plasma membrane by such as hormones produced
diffusion or transport. by the cell.
Endocytosis-process by which a
Ø Some transport processes
cell surrounds a substance in the require energy.
outside environment, than closes
the substance with a portion of the
plasma membrane.
Ø The membrane pinches off and
leaves the substance inside the
cell.

• tutorial #2
 Questions
1. What is the definition of cellular transport process?
2. If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is
impermeable what could happen?
3. Type of transport by which the cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell.
4. Process by which the cell discharges particles of waste.
5. Given that the balloons are elastic, will the final concentrations on the two sides be equal?
6. Which transport method uses no energy?
7. In facilitated diffusion, no energy is required by the cell in moving molecules across its membrane.
 A) True
 B) False
8. An increase in water pressure due to osmosis is called an increase in osmotic pressure.
 A) True
 B) False
9. Water molecules move into a cell, through a selectively permeable membrane when the surrounding
solution is…
 A) Hypertonic
 B)Hypotonic
 C) Isotonic
 D) Supertonic
10. The plasma membrane is also called the
 A) cell wall
 b)cell membrane
 C)plasma wall