WRITTEN-POLE

ELECTRIC MOTORS
Presented by:
Utkalika Sahoo (4th
yr Electrical Engg.)

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
DIFFERENCES
LIMITATIONS OF CONVENTIONAL
TECHNOLOGY
WRITTEN-POLE TECHNOLOGY
CONSTRUCTION
OPERATION
OPERATIONAL BENEFITS
ADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
RECOGNITIONS
CONCLUSION
WRITTEN POLE TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION
In the 1990s, a new concept was developed
in electric
motors called the Written Pole
electric motor
This new motor type dramatically reduces
starting currents of single phase motors
The motor uses an innovative approach of
controlling the magnetic field of the motor to
reduce the starting current requirements
The result is a motor that has starting
current requirements of only about twice the
normal running current and, as an added
benefit
The motors have efficiencies of 90% or
better compared to conventional motors,
3
which have
efficiencies
of around 85%
WRITTEN
POLE TECHNOLOGY

BASIC
DIFFERENCES.
Rotating field is developed.
In a convectional motor poles are
fixed.
In a written pole motors a magnet
layer is written at different places
on motors poles as the rotor turns.
Written pole has much lower
starting current than traditional
motors prevents voltage dips etc.
Slow start up speeds prevents water
hammering.

LIMITATIONS OF CONVENTIONAL
TECHNOLOGY
1.Dependence of speed on no. of
poles of rotor
Speed = 120 X frequency
no. of poles
2.The machine must have even no. of
poles and deviating from this
condition will cause unstability at its
rated speed

WRITTEN POLE TECHNOLOGY

AN INNOVATIVE PATENTED
TECHNOLOGY

In the 1990s, with support

from the EPRI, the Precise
Power
Corporation
of
Bradenton, Florida, developed
a new concept in electric
motors called the Written
Pole electric motor.

WRITTEN POLE TECHNOLOGY

WRITTEN-POLE
TECHNOLOGY
The patented Written-Pole Technology
allows the magnetic pole pattern on the
magnet layer to be changed to a desired
pattern while the machine is rotating and
therefore breaks the relationship between
rotor speed and output frequency.

WRITTEN POLE TECHNOLOGY

CONSTRUCTION

WRITTEN POLE TECHNOLOGY

Contd..

Contd
Written
Pole
motors
use
similar
construction
techniques
found
in
conventional motors
A continuous layer of ferrite magnets on
the surface of the rotor, along with a
high-density exciter winding contained
within the stator winding
The basic platform consists of a
conventional steel shaft inserted into a
lamination stack containing a high
resistance rotor cage
WRITTEN POLE TECHNOLOGY

Contd

Contd
The high resistance cage is a key factor
in limiting the starting current of WrittenPole motors
The
stator
lamination
stack
is
constructed using low loss electrical steel
laminations
The concentrated excitation windings are
contained within the stator structure and
are located between the main stator
windings
WRITTEN POLE TECHNOLOGY

Contd

Contd..

The actual size and quantity of the

poles generated on the surface of
the rotor depends on the rotational
speed of the machine.
Lower speeds result in a large
number of smaller poles with
shorter spans while higher speed
results in a smaller number of
larger poles with longer spans.

Contd

WRITTEN POLE TECHNOLOGY

13

Contd

OPERATION
A written-pole motor employs one of
three modes of operation based on
the rotational speed of the machine:
1. START MODE
2. TRANSITION MODE
3. RUN MODE

WRITTEN POLE TECHNOLOGY

14

Contd.

Start mode
In start mode a written pole produces a
large amount of hysteresis and induction
torque which helps to accelerate the
motor to its rated speed.
W.P.T. technology is able to produce
synchronous torque over a wide range
providing gentler ramp which protects
the load from mechanical damage.
Lower starting current so lower temp.
rise permitting high freq. starts and
restarts.

Contd.
Transition mode
As the written pole motor accelerates it
enters into transition mode during which
the excitation voltage begins to influence
the magnetic geometry of the rotor.
Electrical synchronization is achieve
before mechanical synchronization .
Ability to start high inertia loads.

Run mode
Excitation not reqd., motor in normal
mode.

OPERATIONAL
BENEFITS
Feature

Convention WP
al

Speed

3,560rpm

3600 rpm

Efficiency

85%

93%

Power factor

90.5%

100%

Full-load power

53kW

40kW

Full-load torque

73.7 ft-lb

73 ft-lb

Starting torque

88 ft-lb

82 ft-lb

Full-load current

219 amps

173 amps

Locked rotor
current

1450 amps

312amps

Cost (p.u.)
1.0
WRITTEN POLE TECHNOLOGY

1.2

17

ADVANTAGES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Low starting current requirements

Energy efficient operation
Unity power factor operation
Simple construction
Low temperature rise
High inertia starting
Instantaneous restart capability
Ride through characteristics
Three-phase applications
WRITTEN POLE TECHNOLOGY

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Contd
The Written-Pole motor is designed to
operate
in
ambient
temperatures
ranging from 32F to 104F
However, test results show that WrittenPole motors have reliably operated in
temperatures ranging from
42F to
122F
They may be operated safely in the
open air if there is adequate protection
from direct rain
The motor base must be mounted on a
raised concrete pad or steel frame to
avoid exposure to standing water
WRITTEN POLE TECHNOLOGY

19

A WRITTEN POLE RIDE THROUGH

MOTOR USED IN A FARM

WRITTEN POLE TECHNOLOGY

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APPLICATIONS
In a family of single and three-phase
motive power and power protection
systems used by many customers
including the US Weather Service,
NASA, Federal Aviation Authority, US
Air Force and many commercial and
industrial customers.
Agriculture purpose in rural areas.
Conveyor belt applications.
To run a 3-phase generator.
At oil well beam pump.
WRITTEN POLE TECHNOLOGY

21

RECOGNTION
A recipient of the R&D 100 Award in
1994, Written-Pole technology was
recognized by R&D Magazine as one
of that year's most technologically
significant innovations
The technology has also been
recognized by numerous technical
organizations
including
the
Professional Society of Engineers in
the United States
WRITTEN POLE TECHNOLOGY

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CONCLUSION
The written-pole motor also has
performance advantages over a
conventional induction motor including
low starting current, very high operating
efficiency, and excellent power factor.
This motor technology has the additional
benefit of being able to ride through brief
service interruptions on single-phase
power lines. When compared to the total
system costs, written pole motors are an
attractive alternative to convention
three-phase induction motors.
WRITTEN POLE TECHNOLOGY

23

REFERENCES
S.Hoffman,
B.Banerjee
and
S.Samotyj
written-PoleRevolution. IEEE Power Eng. 69,1997
A.Hannah,Electrical
field
measurements on an EPRI two
pole,20-hp .written pole motor.

WRITTEN POLE TECHNOLOGY

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THANK
YOU!