IDEOLOGI

Kuliah 5

Arti kata Ideologi

Ideos:
ide/gagasan/pemikiran
Logos: ilmu atau teori

Historis:
Destutt de Tracy (1754-1836): new
science of ideas
Napoleon: bodies of ideas which are
false and unrealistic, system of belief
which serve to legitimate unequal
forms of social relations.
Political scientist: explicit political
belief or belief systems (conservatism,
socialism, liberalism, etc)

Historis

Larrain (1979) saw the potential political

function or use of false ideas, and notes
that Machiavelli (1469-1527) is a good
example of a such conception from
earlier historical period.
Contemporary source: Karl Marx:
1. Illusory or distorted nature of ideology
2. A mere product of economic system
3. Identify different ideologies with different
classes
4. The ideas of ruling class are imposed upon
the working class.

Key contributor of theory of

ideology:

Engels
Mannheim
Goldmann
Adorno
Horkheimer
Marcuse
Gramsci
Barthes
Althusser

Ideology in descriptive sense:

Pure descriptive: as result of empirical inquiry
about (discursive, can be explicit or implicit)
: psychological dispositions, ideas, concepts,
belief, values, motives, desires; and (nondiscursive): characteristic gestures, ritual,
attitudes, form of artistic activity, etc. Can be
distinguish on the basis of manifest content or
o. t. b. of their functional properties (the way the
element of the ideology influence action)(p.8)
As world view (p.10)
In programmatic sense: translated into action
(p.11)

Ideology in the pejorative sense:

The belief, attitudes , and wants of the agents in
particular society. Ideology in this context is delusion
or false consciousness (p.12), that rooted in:
1. Epistemic properties (ex.: positivism) (p.13-14)
2. Functional properties (ex.: supporting, stabilizing, or
legitimizing certain kinds social institutions or practices;
hinders the maximal development of the forces of
material production; mask social contradictions)
3. Genetic properties: rooted in the origin, genesis, or
history of the elements which build the ideology. Genetic
fallacy: over simplification or generalization of
particular genetic roots for universal conditions. In
anthropology : ethnocentrism. In epistemology: solipsism.

Ideology in the positive sense:

Ideology: is most likely to enable the
members of the group to satisfy their
want and needs and further their
interest. (p.22)
Ideology is something to be
constructed, created, or invented
Example: Lenins What is to be Done?
A proposed ideology may generate
new wants and interests.

Ideologi politik:
is a certain ethical set of ideals,
principles, doctrines, myths or
symbols of a social movement, institution,
class, and or large group that explains
how society should work, and offers
some political and cultural blueprint
for a certain social order. A political
ideology largely concerns itself with how to
allocate power and to what ends it should
be used.
wikipedia

Ideologi politik

Goals:
How society
should be
organized.

Methods:
The most
appropriate
way to achieve
this goal.

Pancasila merupakan
ideologi?
certain ethical set of ideals,
principles, doctrines, myths or
symbols of a social movement,
institution, class or large group?
explains how society should
work ?
offers some political and cultural
blueprint for a certain social
order ?
concerns itself with how to allocate

Pancasila ideologi asli

Indonesia?
Aspek substansi nilai-nilai
Pancasila:
universal
Aspek proses: faktual-historis,
khas Indonesia
Berwawasan global dan berakar pada
kesejarahan lokal Indonesia

Beberapa Ideologi di dunia:

Jenis

Politik

Ekonomi

Sos.Bud

Religi

Fasisme

Otokratis
Rasialis

Korporatisme
negara

Minus
kebebasan

Kultus
pemimpin

Theokrasi

Monarkhi

Distribusi dr
pemimpin

Moral-relijus

Agama negara

Sosialisme

Demokrasi
-sosial

Pemerataan

Anti rasial

-Sekuler
-Relijius

Kapitalisme

Demokrasi
liberal

-Hak pribadi
-Pasar bebas

Kebebasan
individu

Sekuler

Komunisme

-Totaliter
-Dominasi
negara

-Sama rata
sama rasa
-Tolak pasar
bebas

Masyarakat
tanpa kelas

-Tolak agama.
-Materialisme

Ideologi Pancasila?

Politik ?
Sosial ?
Ekonomi ?
Agama ?

Jangkar sosio-kultural-historis
bangsa Indonesia dalam
percaturan global akan
menentukan tujuan dan cara
ideologi bangsa akan berjalan.
Prinsip: tidak harus beda atau
sama dengan ideologi bangsa

Bentuk-Bentuk Ideologi
Ideologi tertutup (ideologi dalam arti penuh)
Negara dengan ideologi tertutup berarti
seluruh kehidupan masyarakat ditentukan
oleh negara (mis: Korut)
Ideologi Terbuka
Ideologi disebut terbuka karena hanya
mengenai orientasi dasar, sedangkan
penerjemahannya dan penerapannya dapat
disepakati secara demokratis (Mis: ....)

Makna Pancasila sebagai

Ideologi
Nilai-nilai Pancasila (Ketuhanan,
kemanusiaan, persatuan, kerakyatan,
keadilan) merupakan kesatuan
gagasan dasar yang disusun
secara sitematis dan menyeluruh
tentang manusia Indonesia dan
kehidupannya, baik individual
maupun sosial.
Nilai-nilai Pancasila merupakan
sistem pola pikir manusia
Indonesia dalam menghadapi,

Makna Pancasila
sebagai Ideologi terbuka
Pancasila harus dapat menjawab
tantangan zaman yang terus
berubah seiring dengan
kemajuan teknologi
Pengembangan Pancasila sebagai
Ideologi terbuka harus melalui
konsensus nasional yang
disepakati dalam bentuk produk
hukum dan perundang-undangan
Keterbukaan Pancasila sebagai
Ideologi hendaknya mewadahi