Carbon and its

Compounds

What Is Carbon ?

CARBON

is the chemical element with

symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member
of group 14 on the periodic table, it is
nonmetallic and tetravalentmaking four
electrons available to form covalent chemical
bonds. There are three naturally occurring
isotopes, with 12C and 13C being stable, while 14C
is radioactive

CHARACTERSTICS OF
HYDROCARBONS
Factors that determine the
properties of a hydrocarbon are:
The number of carbon atoms
How the atoms are arranged:
1. Straight chain
2. Branched chain
3. Ring Or Cyclic

Types of
hydrocarbons
SATURATED
HYDROCARBON

UNSATURATED
HYDROCARBON

Saturated
hydrocarbons
A Hydrocarbon is an organic
compound that contains
only the elements hydrogen
and carbon.
In a saturated hydrocarbon,
all the bonds are single
bonds.
Alkane is another name for
a saturated hydrocarbon.

Unsaturated
hydrocarbons
A hydrocarbon that co
n t ai n s one o r m o r e d o u
ble or trIple bonds Is
an
u n s a tu r a t ed h y d
rocarbon .
There are three types

STRUCTURE OF SATURATED
HYDROCARBONS
NO. OF
NAME
FORMULA
CARBON
ATOMS
1

METHANE

CH4

ETHANE

C2H6

PROPANE

C3H8

BUTANE

C4H10

PENTANE

C5H12

HEXANE

C6H14

STRUCTURE

Straight Chains
A hydrocarbon
can contain one
carbon atom, as
in methane or
thousands of
carbon atoms, as
in cellulose.

Branched Chains
Carbon has an ability to form
branches with other carbon
atoms. Simple branched alkanes
often have a common name
using a prefix to distinguish
them from linear alkanes, for
example n-pentane, isopentane,
and neopentane.
IUPAC naming conventions can
be used to produce a systematic
name.

The Ring Or Cyclic

Carbons can be arranged in
the form of a ring or cyclic,
such as cyclobutane ,
Benzene etc .

ALLOTROPES OF
CARBON

Allotropy or allotropism is the

property of some chemical elements to
exist in two or more different forms,
known as allotropes of these
elements. Allotropes are different
structural modifications of an element;
the element's atoms are bonded
together in a different manner. For
Example --

GRAPHITE

DIAMOND

FULLEREN
E

Graphite
In graphIte each carbon atom
Is bonded to three other
Carbon atom on the same plane
In a hexagonal Array.

Fullerene
This is also a form of carbon
allotrope. The first one to be
identified was C-60 which has
carbon arranged in the shape of a
football.
As it resembled to the geodesic
dome designed by US architect

Diamond
In diamond, each carbon atom is
tetra headedly attached to four
other carbon atoms forming a
rigid three dimensional structure.
Thus it is the hardest substance

Isomers
The organIc compo
u n d s w h i c h hav e s a
me molecular form
ula but different st
ru c t u r a l f o r m u l a ,t h
ese are called Isome

FUNCTIONAL
GROUPS

In organic chemistry, functional

groups are specific groups of
atoms within molecules that are
responsible for the characteristic
chemical reactions of those
molecules. The same functional
group will undergo the same or
similar chemical reaction(s)
regardless of the size of the
molecule it is a part of.

SOME FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

FUNCTIONAL GOUPS SUFFIX / PREFIX
& SYMBOLS
ALDEHYDE
Suff al
ALCOHOL
Suff ol
KETONE
Suffone
CARBOXYLIC ACID
HALOGEN

Suff oic acid

Pref chloro , bromo, floro,
iodo

Thank You
Made by
nikhil gupta
X -a