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Toacs 7
Toacs 7
Note both the feet are affected and rotated internally at the
ankle. It is classified as postural (can be manipulated) or
structural deformity (fixed deformity). Similar deformities
are seen with myelomeningocele hence always look for
spinal dysraphism and defects of the spine in such babies.
Chickenpox
SCARLET FEVER
It is characterised by:
Sore throat
Fever
Bright red tongue with a strawberry appearance
Rash
Rash is fine, red, and rough-textured, blanches on pressure. It appears 12 to 48
hours after the fever usually starting on the chest, armpits, and behind the ears
but sparing the face (although some circumoral pallor is characteristic).It It is
worse in the skin-folds. Pastia lines (where the rash runs together in the armpits
and groin) appear and can persist after the rash is gone. The rash begins to fade
three to four days after onset and desquamation (peeling) begins. This phase
begins with flakes peeling from the skin. Peeling from the palms and around the
fingers occurs about a week later. Peeling also occurs in axilla, groin, and tips
of the fingers and toes.
Dengue
Dengue hemorrhagicfever
Stage I Fever, nonspecific symptoms and positive
tourniquet test
Stage II Stage I + spontaneous bleeding
Stage III Circulatory failure, rapid weak pulse,
hypotension and narrow pulse pressure.
Dengueshocksyndrome
Stage IV Profound shock with unrecordable BP.
Cytomegalovirus
Epispadias
Exstrophy
Hypospadias
NEUROBLASTOMA
Symptoms:
Lump abdomen, may cross midline, lump is form and
irregular.
Others: Weight loss, Panda eyes, metastatic nodules,
diarrhea, opsoclonus myoclonus.
Diagnosis and staging: USG/ CECT abdomen urinary
catecholamines, MIBG scan, bone marrow smear/biopsy.
Osteopetrosis
Osteomyelitis
Osteoid Osteoma
Osteogenic Sarcoma
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Mucopolysaccharidosis
Haemophilia
Fibrous Dysplasia
Ewings Sarcoma
Tension Pneumothorax
Vascular Ring
Cystic Hygroma
Enchondromatosis
Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Choledochal Cyst
NEC Stage II
pneumoperitoneum
Postextubation Collapse
Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Radiograph depicts the coiling of the feeding tube in
esophagus suggesting a blind pouch with presence of
intestinal gas . In most cases,the upper esophagus ends and
does not connect with the lower esophagus and stomach.
The top end of the lower esophagus connects to the trachea.
Common symptoms include drooling, coughing, gagging,
choking or cyanosis with attempted feeding soon after birth.
History of polyhydramnios in mother or absence of stomach
gas on prenatal ultrasound strengthens the
diagnosis.
pneumothorax
Scabies
Brucellosis
Coarctation of Aorta
d-TGA
Eisenmenger Syndrome
IPAH
Rickettsia
The classical triad is headache, fever and rash. The rash is
rose-red blanching macules, spreads rapidly to involve
entire body including soles and palms. It may become
petechial or hemorrhagic. Initially, presents with
anorexia,myalgia, and arthralgia. Splenomegaly and
hepatomegaly may be present. Convulsions, ataxia,
meningism, coma, myocarditis, acute renal failure,
pneumonitis with acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS) may also be present.
Leptospirosis
ThymusSail Sign
Imagingcharacteristicsofnormal thymus are:
Soft,moldstorib(wavesignofMulvey)
Doesnotdisplacetracheaorvessels
Sharp,smooth,slightlyconvexborders
Homogeneousappearance
Variabilityinsize.
Stress,sickness,andsteroidsreduce the thymic size.
InDiGeorgessyndrome,thymusisabsent.
OnChestX-ray,thymusismostprominent in infancy; it involutes
from1st year of life only, and becomes less prominent in
childhood; after puberty, it is
usually.
hydatidcyst
ThisisthechestX-Rayof8years oldchildshowing
awelldefined homogenous opacity in left upper zone
suggestive of cystic lesion. AcrosssectioninCTshows
intra- parenchymal cyst. Onsurgeryhydatidcystwas
confirmed.
Pneumothorax
RDS on VentilatorTension
Pneumothorax
A.Thiscaseinitiallypresentedwithleftlowerlobeconsolidation.
Usual sequence of events of a foreign body are:
Initialevent(1ststage)violentparoxysmsofcoughing,
choking,gagging, and possibly airway obstruction occur immediately.
Asymptomaticinterval(2nd stage)theforeignbodybecomes
lodged, reflexes fatigue, and the immediate irritating symptoms subside.
Thisstageismost deceitful and results in delayed diagnoses.
Complications(3rdstage)obstruction, erosion, pneumonia, and
atelectasis.
Itistheimportantcauseofrecurrentand persistent pneumonia.
After admission hyperinflation of left lung developed; expiration
pronounced the air-trapping, indicating a foreign body
obstruction.
Closed Pneumothorax
Pleuroblastoma
Pulmonary Agenesis
interstitiallungdisease(ILD)
ChestX-rayofinterstitiallungdisease(ILD) showing
B/Lpatchyhomogeneous opacities. ChildrenwithILD
presentwithdyspnea, tachypnea, cough, exercise limitation,
and frequent respiratory infections. High-resolution
computedtomography(HRCT):Itshows the extent and
distribution of the parenchymal disease. Diffuse involvement
of the most of the lung parenchyma with ground-glass
opacities, or fibroticchangeswithcystic lung disease.
Other investigations: Serology, genetic studies, BAL and lung
biopsy,andimmunologicalworkup.
Eventrationofthediaphragm
Eventrationofthediaphragmanabnormal elevation,
consisting of a thinned diaphragmatic muscle producing
elevation of the left hemidiaphragm is seen.
Causes:Congenital eventration (incomplete development of
diaphragm),diaphragmatic paralysis, traction injury,
iatrogenic injury.
Association: Pulmonary sequestration, congenital heart
disease, and chromosomal
trisomies.
Diaphragmatic hernia
Castlemans disease
Bronchogenic cyst
Acute Epiglottitis
TuberculosisHilar Lymphadenopathy
TuberculosisBilateral Paratracheal
Lymphadenopathy
staphylococcal pneumonia
Retropharyngeal Abscess
Theswellingofface, and the torticollis produced by a
retropharyngeal abscess.
Symptoms: Fever, irritability, decreasedoralintakeand
drooling.Neckstiffness,torticollisandrefusal tomovethe
neck.
Signs: Muffledvoice,stridor,and respiratory distress. Physical
examination- Bulging of the posterior pharyngeal wall, cervical
lymphadenopathy may be present.
LateralX-rayofneckof the above patient clearly shows the
increased space between the pharyngeal air shadow and the
vertebrae.
Posterior pharyngeal wall is bulging.
Primary Complex
Lobar pneumonia
Lobar/segmentaldistributionofpneumonia. Commonly
seen with pneumococcal pneumonia. Pneumococcal
pneumonia manifests as tachypnea, increased workof
breathing,cyanosis and respiratory fatigue. Chest
auscultation-cracklesandwheezing.
Pleural Effusion/Empyema
Pleural Effusion
Thefine,round,millet-likeopacitiesinbothlung
fields(miliary mottling) with right para tracheal
lymphadenopathy. Miliarytuberculosisisthemost
clinicallysignificantformof disseminated tuberculosis.
Morecommonininfants, malnourished and
immunocompromised children.
Measles Bronchopneumonia
Lung Abscess
Hydropneumothorax/Pyopneumothor
ax
Klebsiella Pneumonia
Upperlobeinvolvementwithpneumatoceles and
loculated empyema is suggestive of Klebsiella pneumonia.
Klebsiella pneumonia is common innewborns.Sputum
appearslikeRedCurrantJelly.X-raymayshow
Bulgingfissuresign.