Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Pipeline Integrity Management - Basic Concepts
Pipeline Integrity Management - Basic Concepts
IN PIPELINE
INTEGRITY
MANAGEMENT
Aida Lopez-Garrity, P.Eng, MSc.
Kevin Parker
CC Technologies
Puebla, Mexico November 11, 2003
Topics Covered
Pipeline Integrity
Assessment
Purpose of Pipeline
Integrity Programs
Regulations Related to
Liquid Pipelines
3.
10
Regulatory Issues
Department of Transportation
proposed rule (49 CFR Part 192)
dated January 28, 2003 titled
Pipeline Safety: Pipeline Integrity
Management in High Consequence
Areas (Gas Transmission Pipelines)
11
Federal Regulation
12
Regulatory Issues
Regulatory Issues
Regulatory Issues
Assessment Methods
Internal Inspection ILI
Pressure Testing
Direct Assessment (data gathering,
indirect examination, and post
assessment evaluation)
Any other method that can provide an
equivalent understanding of the
condition of line pipe
15
Regulatory Issues
Regulatory Issues
17
Regulatory Issues
18
ASME B31.8S
21
Operator Requirements
for Compliance
Operator Requirements
for Compliance
26
Risk Assessment
Integrity Assessment
Methods for HCAs
28
Integrity Assessment
Methods for HCAs
29
Integrity Threat
Classification
Integrity Threat
Classification
A) Time Dependent
External Corrosion
Internal corrosion
Stress Corrosion Cracking
31
Integrity Threat
Classification
B) Stable
Welding/Fabrication Related
Defective pipe girth weld
Defective fabrication weld
Wrinkle bend or buckle
Stripped threats/broken pipe/coupling
failure
32
Integrity Threat
Classification
Equipment
Gasket O-ring failure
Control/Relief equipment malfunction
Seal/pump packing failure
Miscellaneous
33
Integrity Threat
Classification
C) Time Independent
Cold weather
Lightning
Heavy rains or floods
Earth movements
34
Time Frames
35
Time Frames
Direct Assessment
Start with the Highest Risk HCA
All HCAs Complete by December 2009
Complete 50% of All HCAs Based on
Risk by December 2006
Except for Class 3 or 4 Locations of
Moderate Impact 100% Complete by
December 2012
36
Responding to Integrity
Issues in HCAs
Responding to Integrity
Issues in HCAs
38
Re-Assessments of HCAs
Re-Assessments of HCAs
40
Data Gathering
HCA Identification
Impact Assessment
42
Threat Identification,
Data Integration and
Risk
Assessment
Review Data from Phases 1 and 2 for HCA
Locations
Identify Threats Specific to HCAs,
Identify Threats Specific to Non-HCAs,
Justify Non-Applicable Threats
Carry Out a Risk Assessment on HCA
Segments to Determine:
Document Results
43
Develop Baseline
Assessment Plan
In-Line Inspection
Pressure Testing
Direct Assessment
Nature of Identified Threats
Number and Location of HCAs
Cost Benefit Considerations
Technically Possible
Integrity Management
Program
Integrity Management
Program
Integrity Management
Program
Management of Change
Integrity Management Program Review
Procedure
Record Keeping
Required Notifications to the Office of Pipeline
Safety
Personnel Training
47
Direct Assessment
48
History of Direct
Assessment
DA Background
52
53
54
55
NACE Recommended
Practices
NACE ECDA Standard RP0502-2002
(2002)
59
ECDA Technologies
Existing technologies
Test station surveys
Close-interval surveys (CIS)
DC voltage gradient
Electromagnetic inspection
Buried Coupons
Soil Resistivity
Applicability
2.
3.
4.
Pre-assessment
Assembly and review of pipeline data
Indirect examination
Above-ground survey tools
Direct examination
Excavation, inspection, defect
assessment
Post-assessment
Validation, prioritize repairs, reinspection
63
PreAssessment
Indirect
Examinations
from PreAssessment
Direct Examinations
Post Assessment
No
Ensure DA
is
Applicable
Data to
Support
Tool
Selection
From Direct
Examinations
Prior
History
Categorize and
Rank Coating Fault
Locations
Yes
Further
Characterize
with Indirect
Exams
Dig &
Measure
OK
Add Indirect
Techniques
Secondary
Examinations
Validation Dig
Estimate
Corrosion
Rates
Confidence
Functions
No
Define DA
Regions,
Special
Concerns, and
Trouble Spots
More Digs
No
Complementary
Technique Table
ILI or
Pressure
Test
Yes
Coating
Faults?
From Indirect
Exams
Select
Primary
and
Secondary
Tools
Indirect
Examinations
Yes
New Coating
Faults?
No
Explain
through
digs
Not
Acceptable
Estimate Maximum
Remaining Defect
Severity
Yes
Direct
Examination
Define
Repair
Intervals
PostAssessment
Define
ReAssessment
Intervals
Acceptable
Done
64
Pre-Assessment
Data collection
ECDA feasibility for pipeline
Indirect inspection tool selection
ECDA region identification
Step 1
65
Pre-Assessment
Pre-Assessment
Step 1
67
What is a Region?
Step 1
68
69
Step 1
Indirect Examination
Step 2
70
Indirect Techniques
Direct Current
Alternating Current
Apply AC signal
Determine amount of current drain (i.e.,
grounding) and location
Identify locations of high AC current
Step 2
71
Indirect Techniques
Direct Current
Alternating Current
Step 2
72
Indirect Examination
Step 2
73
Direct Examination
Step 3
75
Step 3
76
Direct Examination
Step 3
78
Direct Examination
Determine root-cause
For example
Low CP
Interference
MIC
Disbonded coatings
Step 3
79
Post Assessment
Post Assessment
81
Post Assessment
Assessment of ECDA
Effectiveness
82
Post Assessment
Remaining Life
Calculations
RL =C x SM (t/GR)
83
Post Assessment
Remaining Life
Calculations
84
Post Assessment
Remaining Life
Calculations
CC Technologies Reassessment
Methodology is based on:
Post Assessment
Reassessment Interval
86
87
Close-Interval Surveys
Survey Methodologies
Coating Evaluations
89
90
91
92
93
Examples of Specific
Anomalies Detected
94
95
96
97
Corrosion Anomalies
Found
98
99
100
Discoveries
Valves
Leaking
ACVG Indication
Required Repair
102
103
104
Region 3
S
o
i
l
R
e
s
i
s
t
i
v
i
t
y
(
O
h
m
c
m
)
5e+5
4e+5
3e+5
2e+5
D
C
V
G
H
o
l
i
d
a
y
(
%
I
R
)
1e+5
0100
Latitude:
80
Latitude:
60
33.232299 N
40
Longitute:
94.148162 W
20
I 182
33.232636 N
Longitute:
Latitude:
33.232552 N
94.146955 W
Longitute:
94.147253 W
I 183
I 184 I 185
2000
0
Latitude:
33.232684 N
Longitute:
94.146778 W
P
C
M
(
m
V
)
1500
1000
500
0
100
80
60
40
500
20
450
400
350
300
250
2.2
200
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
C
r
e
e
k
E
l
e
v
a
t
i
o
n
P
r
o
f
i
l
e
(
F
e
e
t
)
P
i
p
e
t
o
S
o
i
l
P
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
(
V
v
s
C
S
E
)
P
i
p
e
D
e
p
t
h
(
I
n
c
h
e
s
)
120
1.0
0.8
0.6
51000
51100
51200
51300
51400
Latitude:
33.231803 N
Longitute:
94.149786 W
51500
51600
51700
51800
Distance (Feet)
51900
52000
105
52100
52200
52300
52400
52500
Scale: 1.0 Inch = 100 Feet
Region 3
S
o
i
l
R
e
s
i
s
t
i
v
i
t
y
(
O
h
m
c
m
)
5e+5
4e+5
3e+5
2e+5
D
C
V
G
H
o
l
i
d
a
y
(
%
I
R
)
1e+5
0100
80
Latitude:
60
Longitute:
94.084696 W
33.249014 N
40
I 229
20
Latitude:
Latitude:
Latitude:
33.249559 N
Longitute:
33.249665 N
33.249795 N
Longitute:
94.083281 W
Longitute:
94.083025 W
I 230
I 231
94.082657 W
I 232
I 233
2000
0
Latitude:
33.249886 N
Longitute:
94.082442 W
P
C
M
(
m
V
)
1500
1000
500
0
E
l
e
v
a
t
i
o
n
P
r
o
f
i
l
e
(
F
e
e
t
)
P
i
p
e
t
o
S
o
i
l
P
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
(
V
v
s
C
S
E
)
P
i
p
e
D
e
p
t
h
(
I
n
c
h
e
s
)
120
100
80
60
40
20
500
450
400
350
300
250
2.2
200
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
72000
72100
72200
72300
72400
72500
72600
72700
72800
Distance (Feet)
72900
73000
107
73100
73200
73300
73400
73500
Scale: 1.0 Inch = 100 Feet
Challenges
109
Distribution System
Direct Assessment
110
Field Excavation
Summary Report
111
Availability of Trained
Personnel
112
Information
Management
113
Projections
Projections (contd)
Discussion Points
Discussion Points
(contd)
117
Lessons Learned To
Date
118
Summary
119
Summary
Summary
Thank You
Questions and Discussion
122