KARAWANG INTERNATIONAL

AIRPORT PROJECT
Mercedes
Dela Cruz

Napapet
Pibulsonggra
m

Oo Kyaw
Maung

Teck Chi
Wong

Lazuardi
FN

M.
Aprimadya

Project Flight

Context
and
Objective
s

Governan
ce and
Power

Stakehold
ers

Strategie
s

Integrity

Context &
Objectives

Where
Located in the middle of Asia-Pacific region,
Indonesia has potential to become main hub for air
transportation for the region and global.

Context &
Objectives

Where Why Karawang?

It
It is
is inevitably
inevitably that
that Jakarta
Jakarta and
and
surrounding
surrounding areas
areas (Bogor,
(Bogor,
Depok,
Depok, Tangerang
Tangerang and
and Bekasi)
Bekasi)
or
or Greater
Greater Jakarta
Jakarta needs
needs a
a
new
new airport,
airport, New
New Jakarta
Jakarta
International
International Airport
Airport or
or
Karawang
Karawang International
International Airport
Airport
(KIA)
(KIA) to
to serve
serve increasing
increasing
demand
demand for
for air
air
transportation
transportation and
and aiming
aiming
on
global
on becoming
becoming
global hub.
hub.
Karawang
Karawang is
is chosen
chosen because
because
it
it is
is located
located only
only 60
60 km
km from
from
Jakarta
Jakarta and
and connected
connected with
with
Greater
Greater Jakarta
Jakarta with
with existing
existing
highway
highway and
and railway.
railway. There
There
are
are plans
plans to
to add
add new
new highway
highway
and
and railway
railway to
to KIA
KIA in
in order
order to
to
meet
meet increasing
increasing demand
demand upon
upon
airport
airport completion
completion

Context &
Objectives

Why Needed?
SHIA
SHIA is
is among
among ten
ten busiest
busiest
airport
airport in
in the
the world.
world. With
With only
only
two
two run
run ways,
ways, the
the airport
airport serves
serves
1200
1200 flights/day
flights/day with
with 72
72
flight/minute
flight/minute (there
(there are
are more
more
than
than 1
1 flight
flight in/out
in/out from
from SHIA
SHIA
in
in less
less than
than a
a second)
second)

Increasing
Increasing people
people using
using
airplane
airplane as
as transportation
transportation
mode
mode causes
causes Soekarno
Soekarno
Hatta
Hatta International
International
Airport
Airport (SHIA)
(SHIA) of
of
Jakarta
Jakarta reached
reached its
its
capacity
capacity of
of 25
25 million
million
passengers/year
passengers/year and
and the
the
airport
airport is
is now
now
overcapacity
overcapacity by
by serving
serving
approximately
approximately 60
60 million
million
passengers/year.
passengers/year.

To
To boost
boost its
its economic
economic growth,
growth,
Indonesia
Indonesia needs
needs to
to increase
increase
its
its involvement
involvement on
on global
global
production
production chain.
chain. Hence
Hence
Indonesia
Indonesia needs
needs to
to increase
increase
its
its connectivity
connectivity to
to the
the rest
rest of
of
the
the world
world by
by having
having an
an airport
airport
that
that can
can serve
serve as
as regional
regional
and
and global
global hub.
hub.

Context &
Objectives

Goals and Objectives

Objectives
Objectives of
of KIA
KIA project
project is
is not
not only
only to
to release
release
tension
tension of
of SHIA
SHIA and
and its
its surrounding
surrounding areas
areas due
due
to
to overcapacity
overcapacity of
of the
the current
current airport
airport but
but also
also
to
to become
become national
national and
and global
global hub
hub offering
offering
wider
wider connectivity
connectivity for
for domestic
domestic and
and
international
route.
international
route.
With
With eco-city
eco-city concept,
concept, it
it is
is hoped
hoped that
that KIA
KIA will
will
be
be aa national
national project
project that
that creates
creates sustainable
sustainable
jobs
jobs and
and remain
remain environmental
environmental friendly
friendly on
on
development
development stages
stages and
and on
on operational
operational period.
period.
The
The airport
airport is
is projected
projected to
to be
be the
the first
first
aerotropolis
in
aerotropolis
in Indonesia.
Indonesia.
Upon
Upon completion
completion of
of three
three stages
stages of
of
development
development in
in 2030,
2030, KIA
KIA in
in its
its ultimate
ultimate phase
phase
will
will accommodate
accommodate 90
90 million
million passengers/year.
passengers/year.
With
With such
such enormous
enormous amount
amount of
of people
people using
using
the
the airport,
airport, KIA
KIA is
is hoped
hoped to
to stimulate
stimulate economic
economic
activity
activity within
within and
and in
in surrounding
surrounding areas.
areas.

Governance &
Power

Governance and
Power Support from the
state, market and
civil society are
important for the
legitimacy and
success of the
Karawang
International
Airport. We are
building not only
an airport, but a
city.

Interlocking Arenas of Power

Forms of
Power

Market
State
Civil
Society

Legitimac
y

Types of
governanc
e

Roles

Goods
and
service

Governance &
Power

Types of governance
dictate the form of
co-operation between
the state, market
and civil market in
building and
operating the
airport. However, the
form of governance
is not static and can
be changed.

Interventioni
st
governance
Air traffic
control
Customs
Immigration

Regulated
selfgovernance
Airport
construction
and
operation
Public
transports

Co-operative
governance

Private selfgovernance

Aerotopolis
developmen
t
Business
and tourism
promotion

Duty free
shops
Restaurants
Entertainme
nt outlets

In 2009, the Indonesian government enacted a

new aviation law, which allowed greater private
participation in airports.
Under that law, foreigner may own and operate
an airport as joint venture with a local partner
through a local company with maximum 49%
foreign ownerships.
The involvement of the state or state-owned
enterprises as shareholder is no longer required.
Form of governance for airport operation
changed from interventionist governance to
regulated self-governance

Governance &
Power

Form of Power
Legitimacy

The initial momentum of such

big project like airport usually
come from the government, but
as the project moving phase to
phase, it will involve more and
more players and require
different types of power for its
success. The same also applied
to legitimacy. The initial basis
of legitimacy normally come
from the rules of government,
however when the project
advances, much of its
legitimacy would have to be
based on the beliefs and
consent of the stakeholders,
including industries and civil
society.

State

State, Market and Civil Society

Coerciv
e power

Contract
ual
power

Consens
ual
power

Land
acquiring

Airport
construction

Relocation

Airport
Security

Mall
management

Environmenta
l impact

Shops leasing

Local
community
development

Landing
rights

Rules
Law No. 1/2009 on
Aviation
Blueprint of national
transportation
Regional spatial
plan

Beliefs
Belief that the airport
project would bring
development to
national and local
economy
Belief that locals can
benefit from the
project

Consent
Consensus with local
government and
residents
Consensus with aviation
industry
Consensus with business
community at large

Governance &
Power

Public
Provision
of
Provision
Goods
of free
free access
access to
to
airport
airport facilities
facilities for
for the
the

passengers
passengers and
and employees
employees
convenience.
convenience.

Providing all the goods and services for everyones convenience..

Governance &
Power

Toll and Private

Goods
In
In partnership
partnership with
with the
the
Private
Private Sectors
Sectors to
to provide
provide
safe
safe and
and efficient
efficient airport
airport
facilities
facilities for
for domestic
domestic and
and
international
international travels.
travels.

Providing all the goods and services for everyones convenience..

Governance &
Power

Interconnectedne
ss of Different
Roles
The roles of the state,
markets and civil
societies are
interconnected,
mutually supportive,
as well as multidimensional

Governance &
Power
State (Airport
Facilities)
Market (Aircrafts)
Civil Societies
(Information booths
on Tourisms &
Environment)

Owner
State (Civil Aviation
Authority)
Markets (Mass
Transport)
Civil Societies
(Environmental
Issues)

Regulat
or

State
(Infrastructures)
Market (Shops,
Hotels)
Civil Societies (Tours
Services)

Produce
r

State ( Free
amenities, toilets)
Markets ( Services,
like massage)
Civil Societies
(Services in the
Airport prayer
rooms)

Provider
State (Airport
Security)
Market (Airports
Amenities)
Civil Societies
(Airport Museums &
Libraries)

Facilitat
or

Stakeholders: Interlocking Actors

Stakeholders
Central Government
(Ministry of Transportation, Public Work,
Home Affairs, Agriculture, Forestry, Land
Spatial)
West Java and Jakarta Province
Government
District Government (Karawang, Bandung)
Air Traffic Control Agency
Intl Civil Aviation Organisation (UN)
JICA

Planning
Budgeting/ Funding
Regulation
Standardization
Coordinating
Implementing
Monitoring
Evaluating

Wh

What

State

Wh
o

Civil
Market Societ
y

What

Contractors
Investors o
International Aviation
Companies
Bus, Train, Highway
Companies
Hotel & Tourism Industries
Food & Retail Industries
ASEAN Markets
Banks

Wh
o

Constructing
Investment
Services
Production
Marketing
Exports & Imports

Local Community
Labour Union
Transportation Associations
Environmentalists
NGOs
Media

What

Innovation
Transfer
knowledge
Consultation
Preservation
Promotion

Stakeholders
Importance:
Central, Provincial, District Government =
Great Importance
JICA = Great importance
ATC & ICAO = Some Importance
Influence:
Government & JICA = Great Influence
Economic growth, funding, hub, connectivity,
job creation, living standard, ease tense of
transportation
ATC & ICAO = Some influence
Standarisation of civil aviation safety

Importance
Importance &
& Influence:
Influence:
=>
direct
High
High => direct
Some
Some // little
little =>
=> indirect
indirect

Contractors,
Contractors, Investors,
Investors, Banks
Banks =
= Direct
Direct
Hotel,
Tourism,
Food,
Retail,
ASEAN
Hotel, Tourism, Food, Retail, ASEAN
market
market =
= Indirect
Indirect

Stakeholders: Interlocking Actors

Importance and Influence

State
Civil
Market
Society

Importance & Influence:

High => Direct
Some => Indirect
Local community, environmentalist,
media = Direct
NGOs, Transportation Associations,
Labour Unions = Indirect

Gender Equality Framework

Stakeholders

Workplace Profile

Human Capital
Safe access to
facilities for men and
women

Economic
Empowerment
Improving living
standard for men
and women

Gender
Equality
Voice and Rights
Balanced
representation of
men and women in
aviation industry

Occupational categories (type of job)

Non-traditional female positions

Nature of employment
(Full/Part-time)
Total (Headcount by gender)

Gender-based
policies and
strategies

Female workforce participation

Promotion/transfer/termination
Flexible workplace practices (paid
maternity)

Stakeholders - Gender
Equality

Our Gender
Equality
Framework

Embracing gender equality

Mainstreaming the gender dimension in the
airport project is an opportunity to implement
gender equality in our society and to provide
women with greater control over socioeconomic resources.

Our aspiration
Support, educate, promote and
communicate in ways to foster gender
inclusive environment
Recruit and open opportunity for gender
equality into our business
Strengthen our attractiveness as a diverse
and gender equality workplace
Develop workforce capacity

Civic Engagement Framework

Stakeholders

Aspirations
Improving daily life
Partnership
Contributing to the development of the
region
Enhancing and creating collective value

Modes
Focus groups and panels
discussion
Scenario workshops
Participatory budgeting

Community raising awareness

Responsibility to workforce and society

Regulated advisory
structures

Reducing socio-economic impact

Promoting outreach and community
consultation

Town hall meeting

Commitment to transparency

Regional and local

governance

Green way, protect environment

Stakeholders - Gender
Equality

Our Gender
Equality
Framework

Embracing gender equality

Mainstreaming the gender dimension in the
airport project is an opportunity to implement
gender equality in our society and to provide
women with greater control over socioeconomic resources.

Our aspiration
Support, educate, promote and
communicate in ways to foster gender
inclusive environment
Recruit and open opportunity for gender
equality into our business
Strengthen our attractiveness as a diverse
and gender equality workplace
Develop workforce capacity

Stakeholders - Gender
Equality

Our Gender
Equality
Workplace
Profile

Occupational categories (type of job)

Position category (non-traditional female
positions)
Nature of employment (Full-time/Part-time)
Total (Headcount by gender)
Percentage by gender (i.e. female workforce
participation)
Promotion/transfer/termination
Flexible workplace practices (paid maternity)
(Add Halis information!)

Stakeholders Civic
Engagement

Our Civic Engagement

(Multi-local and multicultural & earn
confidence and build
long- term
relationships)

Our aspiration
Improving daily life
Partnership
Contributing to the development of the region
Enhancing and creating collective value
Community raising awareness (good citizenship
in the area)
Responsibility to workforce and society
Reducing socio-economic impact
Promoting outreach and community consultation
Committing to transparency (including
subcontractors)
Green way (protect environment)

Stakeholders Civic
Engagement

Our Civic
Engagement

Our project is committed to making social

investments in the Karawang area and its
Province. Our goal is to be recognised as an
important partner to the community by
improving the quality of life for Karawang area
and its Provinces residents through expanding
opportunities for economic development.
We bring people together to foster effective
collective action on issues concerning our
project. We also support programs that help
contribute to Karawang area and its Provinces
social safety net and strengthen civic
engagement.

Stakeholders Civic
Engagement

Mode of
Civic
Engagement

Focus groups and panels discussion

environmental and social impact
Scenario workshops phases of
construction and impact scenarios
preparedness toolkits
Participatory budgeting phases of
construction budgeting
Regulated advisory structures
Town hall meeting listen to civic
concerns and suggestions
Forms of regional and local governance

Stakeholders Civic
Engagement

Our Civic
Engagement
Degree of
Integration

Collaboration Conflation Cooperation:

Education
Our project supports education as a key to
unlock the potential of the youth and
developing their capacity for societal
relevance. This is one of the reasons why our
project is committed to promoting quality
education in partnership with government and
other stakeholders.
- Community and provincial scholarship
awards
- Library rooms
- Essay competition
Economic Empowerment
- Vocational training and capacity
development
- Employment

Project Phases

Strategies

Large scale project likes

airport require systematic
implementation to reduce
risks and avoid cost
overrun. Therefore, it will
usually follow strictly the
sequence of conception,
design and construction.
However, it will also
require long term and
frequent evaluation and
review as the project
advances.

Conception

Design

Logframe
matrix
Force field
analysis
Risk
assessme
nt

Executive
Legislature
Judiciary

Internatio
nal
standard
aviation
system
Indonesia
n Cultural
Style

Construction
Main
Terminal
Runway
Car parks
Shopping
Mall
Hotel

Legislative cycle
Evaluation
Budgetary cycle
Electoral cycle
State
Political cycle
Market
Administrative cycle
Civil
Administrative review cycle
Society
Judicial review cycle

Logical Framework

Strategies
PROJECT DESCRIPTION

INDICATORS

Goals:
Indicators:

Thedevelopmentofanewmodernairport 1. Thenumberof
andanaero-polissurroundingthelocation
infrastructureandfacilities
builtinsidetheairport
2. Thenumberof
infrastructureandfacilities
builtoutsidetheairport
(aero-polis)

MEANS OF
INDICATOR
VERIFICATION

Means of
verification:

Assumptions about the likelihood of achieving the

goal(s)

1.

HighdemandforairtransportationasIndonesiaisone
ofthememberofASEANcountries,withtheASEAN
+3and+6
Highdemandofregionalandintllogistic
Enoughfundingfortheproject
Strongoppositions(negativeassumption)butwith
mitigationprocess
Localpeoplewantbetterjobsandincomes
Havingmid-termevaluationtocheckandmeasurethe
on-goingprocess
(g) Strongneedstodevelopareassurroundingtheairport

2.
3.

IntendedOutcomes

Measured outcomes:

1.
2.
3.

1. Distanceobstaclesare
diminished
1.
2. Indonesiabecomemajor
2.
economyintheworld
3. Improvedstandardofliving 3.
forlocalcommunities

Improvedconnectivity
Economicdevelopment
Creationofjobs

ASSUMPTIONS

Report-
(a)
quarterly
Consultations
often
(b)
Monitoring& (c)
evaluation-
(d)
monthly
(e)
(f)

Means of
verification:

Assumptions about the link between the intended

outcomes and the goal(s)

Surveysoften a)
Interviews
b)
often
Statistics
c)
quarterly

whennewairportbuilt,newservicesimproved
thisprojectcontributeseconomicgrowthfrom
increasingopportunityandproductivity
wehavejobsforlocalandtheyhavebetteropportunity
forthemtogetone

Logical Framework

Strategies
PROJECT DESCRIPTION

INDICATORS

MEANS OF
INDICATOR
VERIFICATION

IntendedOutputs

Measured outputs

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.Thenumberofpassengers/day
2.Thenumberofflight/hour
1.
3.Thelengthofcustomclearance 2.
4.Thecomparisonofnational
economicgrowthpriorandafter 3.
theproject
5.Theincreaseofemployment
level
6.Theincreaseofincomelevel

5.

Increasednumberofpassengersperyear
Reducedcustomsclearances
IncreasedGDPgrowth
Increasedemploymentforlocal
communities
Increasedincomelevelinlocalareas

Intended Year-by-year
Outputs
Year1-2Planning,budgeting,consulting,
consensusbuilding
Year3-5Constructing
Year6Finalizationandpromotion
(b) Outcomes
Year1-2Theprojectreachlegitimacy
Year3-5Theprojectsucceedtobuildall
infrastructureandfacilities
Year5Theairportisfinalizedandopenedfor
public

Means of
verification:
Surveysoften
Interviews
often
Statistics-
quarterly

Means of
verification:

Initiation,implementation,and
finalizationstagesrunandfinished 1.
inappropriatetime
2.
3.

Report
Consultations
Monitoring&
evaluation

ASSUMPTIONS

Assumptions about the link between the intended outputs

and the intended outcomes
a)Havinganinternational-standardairportattractspeopletofly
andproductstobedistributed
b)Theinternationally-recognizedprocedureofcustomsreduce
bureaucraticprocess
c)Thisairportincreasethenationalrevenues
d)Thedevelopmentofairportabsorbsmanyemployeesfrom
localpeople
Assumptions about:
Stakeholdersunderstandtheirrole
Localcommunitywillsupporttheproject
Politicalsituationisstable
Noproblemsinfunding

Strategies

Driving Forces

Risk Assessments

Integrity

Integrity
Perspective:
Monitoring,
Evaluation

Evaluation of Performances
Outputs and Outcomes

Integrity

Forms of Accountability and Control

Project Maturity

Integrity Perspective:
Accountability, Control, Maturity

Future
Projections

References

THANK YOU