MULTISCALE MORPHOLOGICAL

SEGMENTATION OF GRAYSCALE IMAGES

PRESENTED BY :ASTHA SHARMA
09302261

Segmentation +Morphological+Multiscale

Segmentation :

Decompose an image
domain into a number of disjoint regions so that
the features within each region have visual
similarity , strong statistical correlation and
reasonably good homogeneity.

Morphology :

It is set theoretic, shape

oriented approach which treats the image as a
set and the kernel of operations, commonly
called as Structuring Element (SE) as another set
.

Multiscale Techniques:

They extract scale

specific information from the image and
integrate them to produce desired output.

Gray-scale Morphology
Operation

Dilation of a gray-level image g(r,c) by a two

dimensional point set B is defined as:

Erosion of a gray-level image g(r,c) by a two

dimensional point set B is defined as:

Opening (closing) is sequential combination of

erosion (dilation) and dilation (erosion).

Multiscale Opening and Closing

Structuring element B takes care of the shape of
the features while processing the image but cannot
treat objects of same shape but of different size
equally.
Thus, for processing objects based on their shape
as well as size , a second attribute is incorporated
to structuring element , which is its scale.
Multiscale opening and closing is defined as:

where n is an integer representing the scale factor of the structuring

element B

Multiscale Morphological Operation

Multiscale Morphological Operation decompose the
given image into a set of filtered images.
The multiscale opening produces flat regions by
removing bright objects or its parts smaller than the
SE. The properties:
No new bright feature is generated at higher scales
due to opening. Similarly is for closing i.e no new dark
feature is formed.
The SE leaves the features larger than it unaffected.
However removal of parts of an object introduces new
edges or causes drifts of the existing edges. Therefore
, we use filters termed as morphological multiscale
opening and closing by reconstruction filters to avoid
this problem.

Basic Idea
A gray level image consists of both bright
and dark object features , which in
general, have a distribution wrt to size or
scale.
Basic objective of Segmentation algorithm
is to isolate or sketch out the most optimal
contours of these bright and dark features.

Fig (a):
image
of
bright
and
dark
balls
of
varyin
g radii

Fig (b):
multiscale
morpholog
ic-al
Segmentat
io-n

Theoretical Formulation

A digital gray-tone image can be viewed as a

intensity surface over a spatial coordinate
system.
If L =
and
S = be the spatial coordinates of the pixels be
the spatial
coordinates of the pixels of the image. Then ,
Nr N
c a function g
digital image is represented
as
defined by :
where size of image is
-(5)

 In the paper, they have used multiscale bright and

dark top-hat transformation to extract scale specific
bright and dark features.
The bright top-hat image obtained by filtering by an
SE of size i contains all bright features smaller than
i as:

Similarly a dark top-hat or a bottom-hat

transformation at scale i sieves out the dark
features smaller than i as:
the section of the bright and dark top-hat images at
a threshold t are given by

Different types of similar

components at two successive
scale i and i+1.

 The proposed algorithm treats the subsets of all three

categories at various scales. Accordingly, it constructs
the following four point sets, corresponding to both
bright and dark features:

Implementation

Segmentation Scheme is divided into 2 passes :

1) multiscale region extraction
2) selection of valid regions that contribute to
final segmentation .

Fig. The stages of proposed multiscale image

segmentation algorithm.

1. PREPROCESSING
Here noise smoothing is done to
reduce the effect of undesired
perturbations which might cause
over- and under-segmentation.
Very small scale details are usually
considered as noise. So
morphological method is used to
smooths out noise .
Main problem is to determine the
size of SE.

2) PASS-1:MULTISCALE REGION EXTRACTION

2) PASS-1:MULTISCALE REGION EXTRACTION

3) PASS-2 : SELECTION OF VALID REGIONS THAT

CONTRIBUTE TO FINAL SEGMENTS

(a) (input) image of skin lesions, (b) multiscale

morphological segmentation

THANKYOU

APPENDIX:Morphological Multiscale
Opening and Closing by Reconstruction

For i=1,2,3,

 for all practical purposes iteration is terminated at

an integer n such that
This stable output is termed as reconstruction by
dilation and is denoted by