Concentric Cells New

Concentric Cells
Theory and Applications
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the Title Master
Sherif Bahieg
January 2004
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MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the US Patent & Trademark Office. All other
product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Motorola, Inc. 2001.
Outline
Introduction
Theory
Applications
DB Parameters and Statistic
Conclusion
Whats Next ?
Motorola and Mobilink Confidential Proprietary
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Outline
Introduction
Theory
Applications
Conclusion
Whats Next ?
1/42
Outline
Introduction
Theory
Coverage Overview
Traffic Models Overview
Layer Management
Types of Concentric Cells
Applications
Conclusion
Whats Next ?
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Outline
Introduction
Theory
Applications
Cells Upgrade (Aggressive Re-Use Pattern)
Enhancing Quality of Service

Conclusion
Whats Next ?
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Outline
Introduction
Theory
Applications
DB Overview
Statistics Overview
Conclusion
Whats Next ?
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Outline
Introduction
Theory
Applications
Conclusion
Whats Next ?
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Outline
Introduction
Theory
Applications
Conclusion
Whats Next ?
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Introduction
Main Definitions
Overlay
Underlay
Concentric Cells
Intelligent Underlay / Overlay
Super Re-Use
Introduction
Main Definitions
Overlay
A capacity adding network layer using an aggressive frequency reuse pattern to obtain high spectral efficiency. These are mini cells
providing high capacity over a limited area.
Underlay
Concentric Cells
Super Re-use
Introduction
Main Definitions
Overlay
Underlay
Conventional cellular network using standard frequency re-use
pattern to ensure contiguous coverage. These are the umbrella cells
providing contiguous coverage.
Concentric Cells
Super Re-use
Introduction
Main Definitions
Overlay
Underlay
Concentric Cells
The use of overlay and underlay layers to provide high capacity with
contiguous coverage. The underlay maintains contiguous coverage
and the overlay provides higher capacity. The layers appear as
being concentric due to overlay cells having a reduced coverage
area when compared with the underlay cell.

Super Re-Use
Introduction
Main Definitions
Overlay
Underlay
Concentric Cells
One implementation of concentric cells which manages the
placement of traffic on overlay or underlay according to dynamic
measurements on interference.
Super Re-use
Introduction
Main Definitions
Overlay
Underlay
Concentric Cells
Super Re-use
An aggressive frequency re-use pattern e.g. single site or two site
re-use. Geographical coverage is reduced due to cochannel and
adjacent channel interference, however within the good coverage
area the spectral efficiency is high. An overlay layer is implemented
using super-reuse and thus the overlay may also be known as the
super-reuse layer.
Introduction
Concentric Cells offers:

Low cost capacity enhancement technique
Advanced frequency re-use patterns
Improved spectral efficiency
Re-use of existing sites and site infrastructure
Exploits surplus backhaul capacity
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Introduction
Requirements
Advanced re-use patterns
Support for moving traffic between layers
Call processing procedures to maximize capacity
Call originations
Handovers
Optimal frequency plan assessment
Capacity demand survey tools

Engineering support to analyze data
Assess optimal method to increase capacity using
concentric cells, micro cells or other methods
Theory
Coverage Overview
Overlay/Underlay divides the coverage of a certain cell based on
the traffic and Level Distribution into a Multiplayer Environment
Coverage Profile
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Theory
Coverage Overview
High interference area
Coverage Profile
X
Z
Y
X
Y
Y
X
Z
Y
Good coverage area
Theory
Coverage Overview
Coverage Profile
Zone1-carrier B
The cell can be divided into multi
inner zone, not only one.
Zone1 - Carrier A
Zone 0
Theory

Capacity gains from concentric cells requires capacity supply to
correlate with traffic location
Choice of optimal super re-use plan according to traffic density profile
Single site re-use pattern
Limited coverage area

Requires concentration of traffic towards cell site
Two site re-use pattern
Improved coverage area

Better for general application
Traffic models help assess the capacity gain
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Theory

Uniform Traffic Distribution
Traffic model assumes that subscriber
density is equal over cell area
Allows a large coverage area to be
assessed for potential gain from
concentric cells using a standardized
frequency plan
Uniformly divide traffic between inner
and outer Zone
CAUTION: has to be taken from Raising
the blocking in outer Zone
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Theory

Non-Uniform Traffic Distribution
Traffic model considers the effect of
traffic concentration in particular
locations
Allows detailed and accurate
assessment of the capacity gain from a
specific cell
Capacity gain can be improved using
hybrid frequency plans
Requires field data study on traffic
locations (capacity survey)
CAUTION: Proper planning to the inner
zone has to be considred
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Theory
Layer Management
Overview
Efficient management of traffic required to exploit capacity gain
potential of concentric cells
Goals
Maximize handled capacity

Avoid congestion
Maintain good call quality
Avoid unnecessary handovers
Best system performance through optimal choice over
Call originations
Traffic movement between concentric cell layers
Generalized handover situations
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Theory
Layer Management
Call Origination (BCCH)
BCCH Carrier is always considered as outer zone
Call Origination is always done using outer zone resources
Handovers between Layer
From outer to inner

Call is moving toward the
site location and its level is
exceeding the required
threshold for handover
A
C
B
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Theory
Layer Management
From outer to inner

Call is moving toward the
site location and its level is
exceeding the required
threshold for handover
A
C
B
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Theory
Layer Management
From inner to outer

Call is moving away from
the site location and its level
is going below the threshold
A
C
B
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Theory
Layer Management
From inner to outer

the site location and its level
is going below the threshold
A
C
B
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Theory
Layer Management

From inner to inner
Call is moving deep
toward another inner zone
toward the site
the site toward another
inner zone
Call is moving from inner
zone in Cell A to inner Zone
in Cell B
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Theory

Power Based Algorithm
Inner zone have reduced max UL and DL transmit levels.
Intra-cell Handover of different zones is based on power
control.
Different Max. DL transmit power levels may be set for
different carriers.
One zone can be configured to sub-zones
RXLEV_DL > ZONE THRESHOLD and
RXLEV_UL > ZONE THRESHOLD
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Theory

Interference Based Algorithm
Inner Zone defined by interference levels from neighbor
cells.
Intra-cell Handovers based on path loss between the MS and
the serving cell.
Using modified PGBT equation.
Inner zone threshold and margin are added to the decision
criteria.
RXLEV_DL_Neighbor < ZONE THRESHOLD and
RXLEV_UL_Neighbor > ZONE THRESHOLD
Where the neighbor is defined as interfering neighbor
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Applications
Cells Upgrade (Aggressive Re-Use Patterns)
Concentric cells use aggressive re-use patterns

Interference limits effective coverage area of cells using
these patterns
Best capacity increases available from most aggressive re-use
patterns
Single site
Two site
Balance coverage area and capacity increase
Optimum solution is use
Conventional re-use pattern for Overlaying cells
Aggressive re-use pattern to add capacity
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Applications

4x3 Conventional Re-Use Pattern
Four site repeat, three sectors/site (reuse 12)

Near complete coverage with low interference
Contiguous coverage between sites
Used to provide umbrella cells
D
A
B
F
CE
G
C/I >17dB
C/I in range 12 to 15 dB
I K
C/I in range 9 to12 dB

C/I <= 9 dB
H
Applications

Single Site Concentric Re-Use Pattern
Single site repeat, three sectors/site (reuse 3)

High repeat efficiency - four times normal
Large coverage area susceptible to high interference
Useful in a subset of sites where traffic concentrated near cell site
X
Z
Y
X
Z
Y
C/I >17dB
X
Z
Y
X
Z
Y

C/I <= 9 dB
Applications

Two Site Concentric Re-Use Pattern
Two site repeat, three sectors/site

Twice normal repeat efficiency
Majority of deployment area with low interference
Usable in majority of sites except where traffic around site periphery
U
W
V
X
Z
Y
C/I >17dB
U
W
V
X
Z
Y

C/I <= 9 dB
Applications

Benefits
Allows very easy frequency allocation for upgrades
Allows more tight frequency re-use for the inner zone and thus high
utilization of the frequency band
Giving more spectrum easily for new sites frequency planning
Allows offloading of high configuration sites and thus enhancing the
quality of service of high configuration sites
Reducing interference caused by high sites by allowing few radios
transmitting max power so that not to lose coverage for far traffic
(overshoot), while maintaining good quality of service for near traffic.
In General Concentric Cells is very efficient for optimization work to
enhance the Quality of service
DB Parameters and Statistics
DB Parameters Overview (Power Based Algorithm)

Cell_Zone
Rtf parameter, determines if rtf is in outer or inner zone
Inner_zone_alg
Cell Parameter, determines the concentric cell type used
ms_txpwr_max_inner
Cell Parameter, determines the max ms power transmitted inside the
inner zone
Outer_zone_usage_level
Cell Parameter, determines the min level of % TCH usage in the
outer zone to allow allocation for resources in the inner zone
Rxlev_xx_zone
Cell Parameter, act as the threshold used in qualifying MS to hand
over to or from inner zone.
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DB Parameters Overview (Power Based Algorithm)

Trx_pwr_red
RTF parameter, used to determine the reduction in DBs for each dri
in the inner zone
Zone_ho_hyst
Cell Parameter, Used to prevent ping pong Handovers between
inner and outer zones
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DB Overview
Power Based Handover Equation
Outer to Inner Handovers Trigger
(RXLEV_DL > RXLEV_DL_ZONE + ZONE_HO_HYST + (BS_TXPWR BS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER))
AND
(RXLEV_UL > RXLEV_UL_ZONE + ZONE_HO_HYST + (MS_TXPWR
- MS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER))
AND
% of TCH used in outer zone is >= outer_zone_usage_level
Where:
BS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER = TRX maximum power capability TRX_TXPWR_RED
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DB Overview
Power Based Handover Equation
Inner to Outer Handovers Trigger
[(RXLEV_DL < RXLEV_DL_ZONE AND
BS_TXPWR = BS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER]
OR
[(RXLEV_UL < RXLEV_UL_ZONE AND
MS_TXPWR = MS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER]
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Statistics Overview
TCH_Usage: TCH usage for outer zone measurements only

TCH_Usage_inner: TCH usage for inner zone measurements
TCH_congestion: congested time for outer zone resources
TCH_congestion_inner: congested time for inner zone resources
Inner to outer zone_ho: attempts and success
Outer to inner zone_ho: attempts and success
Intra_zone_ho: attempt and success
Inner_zone_TCH_assignment
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Conclusion
C.C allows
more aggressive frequency patterns
Easy Site upgrades and Frequency Plans
More Controlled coverage over traffic distribution
Perfect re-use when traffic is existing near the cells
Offloading high configuration sites
Limiting interference of high sites and overshooting ones
Good results without major changes in site
configurations
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Whats Next ??
Filtering out High configuration cells and high sites
Checking IOS Rxlev Distributions for check of traffic

locations
Working jointly with Mobilink Team to finalize a list of cells

that C.C will be applied on them
Applying C.C on these cells to offload them and enhance the

quality of service for Karachi Network

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Concentric Cells

Theory and Applications

Place your image on

Motorola and Mobinil Confidential Proprietary

Motorola and Mobilink Confidential Proprietary

Motorola and Mobilink Confidential Proprietary

Motorola and Mobilink Confidential Proprietary

DB Parameters and Statistic

Motorola and Mobilink Confidential Proprietary

Motorola and Mobilink Confidential Proprietary

Motorola and Mobilink Confidential Proprietary

Motorola and Mobilink Confidential Proprietary

Motorola and Mobilink Confidential Proprietary

Motorola and Mobilink Confidential Proprietary

Motorola and Mobilink Confidential Proprietary

Intelligent Underlay / Overlay

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Motorola and Mobilink Confidential Proprietary

Motorola and Mobilink Confidential Proprietary

Concentric Cells offers:

Motorola and Mobilink Confidential Proprietary

Capacity demand survey tools

Motorola and Mobilink Confidential Proprietary

Motorola and Mobilink Confidential Proprietary

Good coverage area

Motorola and Mobilink Confidential Proprietary

Motorola and Mobilink Confidential Proprietary

Traffic Models Overview

Limited coverage area

Improved coverage area

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Traffic Models Overview

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Traffic Models Overview

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Maximize handled capacity

Best system performance through optimal choice over

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Handovers between Layer

From outer to inner

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Handovers between Layer

From outer to inner

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Handovers between Layer

From inner to outer

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Handovers between Layer

From inner to outer

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Handovers between Layer

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Types of Concentric Cells

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Types of Concentric Cells

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Cells Upgrade (Aggressive Re-Use Patterns)

Concentric cells use aggressive re-use patterns

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Cells Upgrade (Aggressive Re-Use Patterns)

Four site repeat, three sectors/site (reuse 12)

C/I in range 9 to12 dB

Cells Upgrade (Aggressive Re-Use Patterns)

Single site repeat, three sectors/site (reuse 3)