RANA TARIQUE MEHMOOD

PhD Scholar (Management Sciences)

Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of
Science & Technology. SZABIST
MS (Management Sciences) (GOLD MADELIST)
Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of
Science & Technology. SZABIST
MBA Marketing (GOLD MADELIST)
BAQAI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY KARACHI
B.Sc Medical Technology
BAQAI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY KARACHI

E-mail: tariqphdszabist@gmail.com
Ph# 0333-2923550

Tarique Mehmood Master Trainer

Learning Innovation Division
HEC Islamabad

CHP: 1&5-4

Case Study on
Wal-mart and Metro
By Harvard
Business Review

CHAPTER 1

What is management?

 The word Manage is from Italian word

maneggiare means to handle
especially to handle/or train horses.
This traces back to Latin word
manus means hand.

 In 16th century manage was

quickly extended to operations of war
and in sense of taking control, taking
charge, or directing.

 Later it became confused with French

words menager means to use
carefully.
In 17th & 18th centuries the word
manage and mnage overlapped
in usage and todays meaning of
Manager is coloured by these
variations.

 Management originally used to

indicate the process for managing,
training or directing.
It was first applied to sports, then to
house-keeping and later to
government and business. (McFarland
(1979) Management Foundations &
Practice)

MANAGEMENT AS A PROCESS
Definitions:
1. Management is therefore defined
as the process by which
managers create, direct,
maintain and operate purposive
organizations through
coordinated, cooperative human
effort. (McFarland 1979)

2. Management has been called

the art of getting things done
through people.

 This definition by Mary Parker Follet,

calls attention to the fact that
managers achieve organization goals
by arranging for others to perform
whatever tasks may be necessary
not by performing the tasks
themselves. (James A.F.Stoner,
1982, Management)

3. Management is the process of

planning, organizing, leading and
controlling the efforts of
organization members and
resources to achieve the stated
goals.

MODEL

MANAGEMENT
P
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I
N
G

L
E
A
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I
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G

C
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O
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(Smith, Carroll, Kefales and Watson (1980 in their book Management

Making Organization Perform)

4.

Management is the process of

optimizing human, material and
financial contribution for the
achievement
of
the
organizational goals. (John Pearce
II & Richard Robinson, Jr. 1989 in their
book titled as Management)

5. Management is concerned with

accomplishment of objectives
through the efforts of other
people. (Mondy, Holmes and Edwin
B.Plippo 1983 in their book titled as
Management: Concept and Practices)
For example: Pass courses to get
MBA and then seek job.

For this purpose, you need to do

the following:
Planning: Determine what is to be
achieved
Organizing:
Allocate resources
and establish means to achieve the
plans / goals.
Influencing/Directing: Motivate
and lead personnel.
Controlling:
Compare results
achieved with the planned goals.

Classic Definition by Henri Foyal

(1916)
6. To Manage is to forecast and plan,
to
organize,
to
command,
to
coordinate and to control.

Definition by E.F.L. Brech

(1957)
Management is a social
process the process consists of
planning, control,
coordination and motivation.

Koontz and ODonnell (1976)

Managing is an operational
process initially best dissected by
analyzing the managerial
functions.
The five essential managerial
functions are: Planning, Organizing,
Staffing, directing and leading and
controlling.

Terry (1977)
Management is a distinct process
consisting of planning, organizing,
actuating and controlling performed
to determine and accomplish stated
objectives by the use of human
beings and other resources.

Basic Resources
The 6 Ms

Fundamental function
The Process of Management

Planning

Actuating

Organizing

Controlling

Stated Objectives
End Results

Men & Women

Materials
Machines
Methods
Money
Market

Management is a process of responsibility for deploying resources to accomplish given objectives.

For given objectives, the resources are manpower physical resources i.e., material and financial.

Terry (1977)
Management as a science:

Management science is body

of systematized knowledge
accumulated and accepted
with reference to
understanding of general
truths concerning
management.

Management as Art:
Arts mean personal creative power
plus skill in performance.
Fullet defines Management as an Art.

Henry Boettinger (1975)

argues that Management is an Art.
i.e., Poetry requires three
components (i) artists vision, (ii)
knowledge of craft and (iii) successful
communication.

 Schein (1968) argues Management

as a Profession.

Key Characteristics
1. Professionals based their decision on
general principles e.g., admire in
public and criticize in private.

2. Professionals achieve professional

status through performance. (difficult
than lawyer or surgeon)
3. Code of Ethics for professional that
protect client whereas no code of
Ethics for Management.

4. Borje Saxberge suggest fourth

characteristic i.e., dedication and
commitment.

Characteristics for
understanding Management
1. Management is purposeful.
2. Management makes things happen.
3. Management is an activity, not a
person or group of persons.
4. Management is accomplished by,
with and through efforts of others.

Characteristics for understanding

Management

5. Management is intangible.
6. Management is aided not replaced by
the computer.
7. Management has an outstanding
impact on human life.

Characteristics of the New

Manager (Fulmer 1989)
1.
2.
3.
4.

An orientation towards people

A concern with implementation
Competitive spirit
An external perspective

5. An orientation towards systems.

(Information based system)
6. Pragmatism, flexibility and ability to
deal with an ambiguity.
7. An orientation towards the future.

What Managers Do? (Stoner

1982)
1. Managers work with and through
other people.
2. Managers act as channels of
communication.
3. Managers are responsible and
accountable.

4. Managers balance competing goals

and set priorities.
5. Managers must think analytically and
conceptually.
6. Managers are mediators.
7. Managers are politicians.

8. Managers should develop other

political skills.
9. Managers are diplomats.
10.Managers make difficult decisions.
A Manager is what manager does.