TEHNIK PENCEGAHAN DAN

MITIGASI KEADAAN
DARURAT DI DALAM DAN
DI LUAR PABRIK

BUSINESS CONTINUITY IS AT STAKE

EMPLOYEES

CUSTOMERS

- Experienced workforce
- Continuity of operations

- Continuity of business
- Reliability

EMERGENCY/
CRISIS

STOCKHOLDERS
- Button line impact

PUBLIC/COMMUNITY
- Don't want to be viewed as unsafe
- Need to draw labor force from
local community

STRATEGI PELAKSANAAN K3

Proactive
Reactive

Strategy

strategy

PELAKSANAAN K3
Menghindarkan Risiko
(Avoiding of Risk)

Mencegah Kecelakaan
(Preventing of Accident)

Mengurangi konsekuensi
(Mitigating of Consequently)

TOP TEN LEARNING POINTS FROM

PAST EMERGENCIES
A. KEBUTUHAN
UNTUK
Dukungan
manajemen
Keterlibatan
karyawan
Perencanaan
Latihan & Praktek
Penetapan/
penunjukan
leader

B. KEKURANGAN DALAM
Pemahaman kemungkinan
skenario yang terjadi
Metode komunikasi utk
tenaga kerja selalu waspada
Persyaratan peraturan yg
merupakan bagian dari
rencana
Prosedur shutdown
peralatan apabila terjadi
kritis
Aksi yang dilakukan
karyawan ketika kejadian
sebenarnya

ELEMENT OF EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT
SIX ELEMENTS :
Identify foreseeable scenarios
Preventive measures
Response measures
Roles, responsibilities and authorities
Training and skill development
Drills

IDENTIFY
FORESEEABLE
SCENARIOS
INTERNAL
EXTERNAL

Toxic gas release

Fire/explosion
Chemical spill
Confined space

Bomb treat
Vehicle accident
Plane crashes

IDENTIFY FORESEEABLE SCENARIOS

NATURAL
Floods
Lightning strikes
Earthquakes
Tornadoes
Storms

MAN MADE
Bomb threat
Vehicle accident
Disputes
Sabotage
Plane crashes

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

Explosive materials
Oxidizing materials
Flammable
materials
Collisions of vehicle
Collapse of
structures/ crane

Transformer
explosion
Dam collapse, land
slides
Power trip
Confined space
Electrical

PROCESS HAZARDS
CHEMICAL ENERGY
Ability to self polymerize
Thermal instability
Flammability
Oxidation/ reduction
Rearranging ability (e.g. : ethylene oxide )
Furnace/boiler explosions
Pipe burst
Release of gases
Release of liquids

PROCESS TO IDENTIFY
FORESEEABLE SCENARIOS

PROSESS HAZARDS ANALYSIS

What if ?
What if / Check list
HAZOPS (Hazard and Operability
Study)
Quantitative Risk Analysis
Consequence Analysis

PROCESS TO IDENTIFY
FORESEEABLE SCENARIOS

Identify potential foreseeable emergency

scenarios
Determine probability of occurance
Assess potential impact to :
Humans
Property
Business continuity
Asses existing control
Evaluate the risk
Establish high risk

PROCESS TO IDENTIFY
FORESEEABLE SCENARIOS

Identify potential foreseeable

emergency scenarios for external
factors :
Geographical/ geological data ( e.g.
Earthquake)
Metereological agencies (e.g : floods,
lightning strikes)
Community relations (e.g. : riots )

PROCESS TO IDENTIFY FORESEEABLE

SCENARIOS

Consider previous incidents

Consider incidents in similar
organizations
Media reports, independent audits,
brainstorming

NEED FOR PLAN

Worst case scenarios vs other

scenarios
Determine requirements for generic
plans
Determine requirements for specific
plans

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

DESIGN BASIS :
Process hazards
Environmental
Area electrical classification
Safety, occupational health & fire
prevention
Critical fire devices
Ergonomics

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

ENGINEERING CONTROLS
Eliminating the use of substances
Area classifications
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS
Permit to work systems
Training/communication
Site management sub committees
Operating procedures (lock out tag out)
Safe work practices
Management of change (technology, facilities,
people)
Quality assurance

RESPONSE MEASURE

ENGINEERING CONTROLS
Sensors, detectors and alarms
Sprinklers/Fire protection system
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS
Incident, emergency and crisis response
procedures
Training/communication

RESPONSE MEASURE

RESPONSE BEGINS WITH :

Scenario recognition
Adequate situation diagnosis
Proper material resources
Proper organization, management and
accountability
Proper human resources (team, brigade)
Effective communication (internal and
external )

CLASSIFICATION

RESPONSE BEGINS WITH :

Scenario recognition
Magnitude of impact
Incident
Emergency
Crisis

NOTIFICATION

UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS

WHEN THERE IS A POWER FAILURE
ALARMS - TYPE, SEQUENCING
EVACUATION REQUIREMENT
CALL OUT PROCEDURES FOR KEY PERSONNEL

CONTROL CENTERS

Field and main controls centers - location/

alternate
Equipment and supplies

CONTROL ZONES

The area at a hazardous materials incident

that are designated based upon safety and
the degree of hazard. Many terms are used to
describe the zones involved in a hazardous
material incident.

HOT ZONES

Area immediately surrounding the hazardous

material incident, extending far enough to
prevent adverse effects from hazardous
materials releases to personnel outside the
zone.

WARM ZONES

Area where personnel and equipment

decontamination and hot zone support take
place.
It includes control points for access corridor
and thus assist in reducing the spread of
contamination.

COLD ZONES

Area that contains the emergency

management command post and such other
support functions as are deemed necessary
to control the incident.

CONTROL ORGANIZATION

Organization of role and responsibility

during and after emergency
Key position during and after office hours

COMMUNICATION

Field coordination
Telephones and handling of switchboard
Radio communications
Number of sets
Frequencies used
Location prior to and during emergency
Availability when evacuation is ordered
With external agencies on site
Command center
Area of reach

ACCOUNTING OF PEOPLE

Muster points/ alternates

Visitors, contractors, vendors
Shift change
Employee outside of their normal work areas
Receive, compile and reconcile number of
employees and others

SHUTDOWN OF OPERATION

PROCEDURES
AUTHORIZATION
COMMUNICATION
CRITICAL FEATURES
CHECKLIST

UTILITIES AND SERVICES

Continuity of water supply for fire figting

Continuity of electric power for operation
Fire pump operations
Ability to isolate portions
Emergency lighting

UTILITIES AND SERVICES

Response and rescue equipment related to

nature of incident (spill, release of gas, fire,
trapped in confined space ) such as :
Personnel protective equipment such as self
contained breathing apparatus
Monitoring equipment : toxic gas, detectors
MSDS

EXTERNAL AGENCIES

CALL OUT PROCEDURES - who ? When ?

Who ? When ?

Fire
Medical substances
Hospitals
Transportation
Police
Government Agencies
Mutual and organization

PUBLIC AFFAIRS

Who ? Alternates ? After Office hours ?

Call handling
Handling press/ media at the gate
Meeting locations

PUBLIC AFFAIRS - INFORMATION

Facts
What happened
Casualties/missing persons (no names )
Current situation (under control ? )
How much damage (onsite, offsite)
Who is directing controls. External agencies
involved
What does the unit make and process was
involved

COMMUNITY RELATIONS

Role of site
Role of Government Agencies
Community alerting/response program
Working relationship with community