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Lectures 2 and 3 BB1035 C15
Lectures 2 and 3 BB1035 C15
Lectures 2 and 3 BB1035 C15
cellular location
variation among species
present in right amounts
Lectures
2
and
3
DNA
and
heredity
What is the evidence that Genes = DNA?
Traits can be transferred:
1928 Griffith & Streptococcus pneumoniae
nonvirulent
virulent
2 and
3
DNA=and
heredity
What isLectures
the evidence
that
Genes
DNA?
1944 Avery - experimental system
1. Create extract
2. Treat extract
3. Add to R strain
5. DNAse!
Take home = Gene comprised of DNA
- concept of transformation
- traits can be transferred via DNA (transgenics)
DNA fulfills key properties of hereditary material
faithful duplication
informational content
variation
How?
sugar
(charge?)
single ring
double ring
Chargaffs rules
cytokinesis karyokinesis
Requires
replication
segregation (mitosis/meiosis)
linked to cell cycle
Lectures
and 3 DNA
and
What are the
molecular 2
underpinnings
of heredity?
heredity
1st
2nd
Semiconservative
replication
Growing strand
5 end
Template strand
3 end
3 end
incoming nt
complementarity
phosphodiester linkage
phosphate ions
5 end
Semiconservative
replication
Prokaryotic
Circular chromosome
- single origin
Eukaryotic
linear chromosome
- multiple origins
Circular chromosome
- resolution
linear chromosome
- no resolution
Topoisomerase
- telomere??
Rate of replication?
Size of Genome?
1000nts/sec
4.7Mbs
E. coli
vs. 3.4Gbs
H. sapiens
Lectures
2
and
3
DNA
and
heredity
How is DNA propagated ?
Semiconservative
replication
1. Helicase (H bonds)
3
Leading strand 5
Parent DNA
Lagging strand
3
5
Lagging strand template
Okazaki
fragment
RNA
primer
2. Primase
No Telomerase = 50-200bp/division
Cancer cells telomerase!
Stem Cells telomerase!
3
5
Prokaryotic
Binary Fission
Reproduction
Eukaryotic
Mitosis
Meiosis
Reproduction
Growth
Regeneration/Repair
Importance of cytoskeleton!
Lectures
2 ?and
How is DNA
propagated
Parent DNA
Lagging strand 3
5
3
5
DNA sequencing
Polymerase Chain Reaction (amplify DNA)
Biotechnology
Lecture
3
DNA
and heredity
How might knowledge of replication be useful?
DNA sequencing
Applications