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Meteorology:: Atmospher and Ocean Climate
Meteorology:: Atmospher and Ocean Climate
MK Oseanografi JTK-FTK-ITS
Silabus
* Prinsip dasar oseanografi: property air
laut, parameter fisik oseanografi.
Fenomena klimatologi laut secara global,
regional, dan lokal.
Sirkulaisi air laut dengan skala luas,
sedang dan lokal.
Fenomena pasang surut: tipe pasang
surut dan parameter pasang surut.
Lanjutan...
* Angin: windrose, fetch dan property
gelombang dari data angin.
Morfologi dan geologi struktur: lapisan,
lipatan, pengangkatan, dan penurunan.
Prinsip gempa bumi: Mekanisme gempa,
penyebab gempa, magnitude, focus, dan
intensitas gempa.
Survey oseanografi: Arus, gelombang,
pasang surut
PUSTAKA UTAMA
OSEANOGRAFI
Meteorology
scientific study of the earth's atmosphere. It includes the
study of day-to-day variations of weather conditions
(synoptic meteorology); the study of electrical, optical, and
other physical properties of the atmosphere (physical
meteorology); the study of average and extreme weather
conditions over long periods of time (climatology, for which
see Climate); the variation of meteorological elements
close to the ground over a small area (micrometeorology);
and studies of many other phenomena. The study of the
highest portions of the atmosphere (above a height of 20
to 25 km, or 12.5 to 15.5 mi) generally involves the use of
special techniques and disciplines, and is termed
aeronomy. The term aerology has been applied to the
study of conditions in the free atmosphere anywhere away
from the ground.
Atmosphere
Mixture of gases surrounding any
celestial object that has a gravitational
field strong enough to prevent the
gases from escaping; especially the
gaseous envelope of the earth.
Climate
The long-term effect of the sun's
radiation on the rotating earth's varied
surface and atmosphere. It can be
understood most easily in terms of
annual or seasonal averages of
temperature and precipitation.
layout
Atmospheric Properties
Structure of the Atmosphere
Troposphere
Atmospheric Processes: Interactions Atmosphere and Ocean
Energy Heat Transfer
Ocean Climate
Atmospheric Properties
The thin envelope of air that surrounds
our planet is a mixture of gases,
each with its own physical
properties. The mixture is far from
evenly divided.
Two elements, nitrogen and oxygen,
make up 99% of the volume of air.
The other 1% is composed of
"trace" gases, the most prevalent of
which is the inert gaseous element
argon. The rest of the trace gases,
although present in only minute
amounts, are very important to life
on earth.
Two in particular, carbon dioxide and
ozone, can have a large impact on
atmospheric processes.
Atmospheric Properties
Another gas, water
vapor, also exists in
small amounts. It
varies in
concentration from
being almost nonexistent over desert
regions to about 4%
over the oceans.
Water vapor is
important to weather
production since it
exists in gaseous,
liquid, and solid
phases and absorbs
radiant energy from
the earth.
Troposphere
The word
troposphere
comes from
tropein, meaning
to turn or
change.
All of the earth's
weather occurs
in the
troposphere.
Meanwhile, the
slow rotation of
the earth toward
the east causes
the air to be
deflected toward
the right in the
northern
hemisphere and
toward the left in
the southern
hemisphere.
This deflection
of the wind by
the earth's
rotation is known
as the Coriolis
effect.
Ocean Climate
Climate can be understood most easily in terms of
annual or seasonal averages of temperature and
precipitation.
The graded climatic zones based on the temperature
have a scale of five:
(1) Tropical, with annual and monthly averages above 20
C (68 F);
(2) Subtropical, with 4 to 11 months above 20 C, and the
balance between 10 and 20 C (50 to 68 F);
(3) Temperate, with 4 to 12 months at 10 to 20 C, and the
rest cooler;
(4) Cold, with 1 to 4 months at 10 to 20 C, and the rest
cooler; and
(5) Polar, with 12 months below 10 C.
Wind
It is air in motion. The term is usually applied to
the natural horizontal motion of the atmosphere;
motion in a vertical, or nearly vertical, direction is
called a current. Winds are produced by
differences in atmospheric pressure, which are
primarily attributable to differences in
temperature. Variations in the distribution of
pressure and temperature are caused largely by
unequal distribution of heat from the sun,
together with differences in the thermal
properties of land and ocean surfaces
Concluding Thoughts
The physical and chemical structure of the atmosphere, the way that the
gases interact with solar energy, and the physical and chemical
interactions between the atmosphere, land, and oceans all combine to
make the atmosphere an integral part of the global biosphere. For
students to truly understand the nature and importance of the
atmosphere, they should understand the answers to these questions:
TERIMA KASIH
SEMOGA BERMANFAAT, AMIN