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Jean Jacques Rousseau
Jean Jacques Rousseau
CHILDHOOD
SCHOOLING
He stopped traditional schooling at the
age of 12
Was apprenticed to several trades but
had no success
In 1728 he ran away from Geneva and
joined the Catholic church
Took a job as a footman (pelayan) to a
noblewoman in Annecy
Later became lover to a wealthy widow
who provided for his education in the
CAREER
Attempted teaching but did not like it
Was not recognized for his system of
musical notation
Was an unsatisfactory secretary to the
French ambassador (duta) in Venice
Finally moved back to Paris after his
failed attempts
FAMILY
In Paris in 1745 he took a mistress,
Therese le Vasseur
They had five children
Jean took them all to the Foundling
Hospital to be raised as orphans
He later married Therese in 1768
EXILE
In 1762 he published his most
famous works, The Social
Contract and Emile
Due to the content of these
books about religion and his
opinion that there should be a
democratic city-state in France
he was exiled (dibuang) by the
government.
He did not like it so in 1770 he
LATERLIFE
Back in Paris he published several
more less offensive works and an
opera.
Rousseau suffered from
psychological feelings of
persecution and lived in a cottage
at Ermenonville for the last few
months of his life
Due to his mental and physical
health problems he died of a
EMILE
Rousseau wrote this novel to show
his beliefs on education.
It consists of five books and the
different stages of learning
Book 1: Infancy : Goodness of men,
keep children should be kept form
forming bad habits
Book 2: The age of Nature:
purpose of education, school
environment, self motivated
EMILE (CONTINUED)
Book 3: Pre-adolescence : Intellectual
education, geography, science, history
and other subjects are learned by
desire to learn them
Book 4: Puberty (akil baligh) : social
attitudes, and natural religion
Book 5: Adulthood : love, education of
women
Rousseau's novelEmile
PHILOSOPHIES
People are inherently (memang)
good but they become corrupted
by the evils of society.
He believed in liberty, equality,
and fraternity (persaudaraan)
INFLUENCE ON EDUCATIONAL
PRACTICES TODAY
EDUCATIONAL PIONEERS
HISTORICAL
CONTENT
PURPOSE OF
EDUCATION
CURICULUM
METHOD OF
INSTRUCTION
ROLE OF
TEACHER
SIGNIFICAANCE
Johann Heinrich
Pestalozzi:
Educator Of The Senses
And Emotion
estalozzis background
12, January, 1746 in Zurich Switzerland, died on 1827
Clergyman, politican and a farmer
Sought to develop schools-like loving families, would nurture childrens
development.
Influenced by Rousseau
Believed that schools could become centers of effective learning if
properly organised.
Readapted Rousseaus single-child tutorial
Developed a pre-service teacher-education program.
Believed that the mind formed concepts by abstracting data conveyed
to it by it senses.
Pestalozzis Principles of
teaching and learning
General Method
1- designed to create a permissive and emotionally
healthy homelike learning environment
2- require teacher who-emotionally secure themselves,
could gain students trust and affection and nurture
their self esteem.
Special Method
1- Object lesson
2- Children studied the common objects encountered in
daily environment.
3- Learned form, number, and name or sound related to
objects.
4- Move gradually to drawing, writing, reading
counting, adding, substracting, multiplying and
dividing.
INFLUENCE ON EDUCATIONAL
PRACTICES TODAY
Pestalozzis
object lessons
were introduced
into the
American
elementaryschool
curriculum in
the 19th century.
His
ideas,
especially
the
general method
take on renewed
relevance.
His assertion
that emotional
security is a
necessary
precondition for
skill and subject
learning strongly
parallels the
contemporary
emphasis on
supportive
home-school
partnerships
Historical
content
Purpose of
education
significanc
e
Conclusion
Pestalozzi was an impressive
personality, highly esteemed by
his contemporaries. His concept
of education embraced politics,
economics and philosophy, and
he influence of his method was
immense. For him, education
was a vehicle for creating a more
just society.
Thank You