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Ch04 Show
Ch04 Show
Future value
Present value
Rates of return
Amortization
Required investments
in operating capital
Value =
FCF1
FCF2
+
(1 + WACC)1 (1 + WACC)2
...
+
FCF
+
(1 +
WACC)
Weighted average
cost of capital
(WACC)
Market interest rates
Market risk aversion
Cost of debt
Cost of equity
CF1
CF2
CF3
I%
CF0
I%
2 Year
100
I%
100
100
100
100
75
50
I%
-50
10%
100
FV = ?
After 1 year
After 2 years
10
After 3 years
FV3 = FV2(1+I)=PV(1 + I)2(1+I)
= PV(1+I)3
= $100(1.10)3
= $133.10
In general,
FVN = PV(1 + I)N
11
12
Financial calculator:
HP10BII
HP10BII (Continued)
15
Financial Calculator
Solution
Financial calculators solve this
equation:
FVN + PV (1+I)N = 0.
There are 4 variables. If 3 are
known, the calculator will solve
for the 4th.
16
Spreadsheet Solution
18
10%
3
100
PV = ?
19
FVN
(1+I)N
= FVN
1
PV = $100
1.10
1
1+
I
= $100(0.7513) = $75.13
20
Financial Calculator
Solution
3 10
INPUTS
N I/YR
PV
OUTPUT -75.13
100
PMT FV
Spreadsheet Solution
22
20%
?
2
Time to Double
(Continued)
$2
(1.2)N
N LN(1.2)
N
N
=
=
=
=
=
$1(1 + 0.20)N
$2/$1 = 2
LN(2)
LN(2)/LN(1.2)
0.693/0.182 = 3.8
24
Financial Calculator
Solution
INPUTS 20
N I/YR
3.8
OUTPUT
-1
PV
0
2
PMT FV
25
Spreadsheet Solution
26
0
-1
?%
FV=
$2=
(2)(1/3) =
1.2599=
I=
PV(1 + I)
$1(1 + I)3
(1 + I)
(1 + I)
0.2599 = 25.99%
N
27
Financial Calculator
INPUTS
3
-1
N I/YR
PV
OUTPUT25.99
0
2
PMT FV
28
Spreadsheet Solution
29
I%
PMT
PMT
PMT
PMT
PMT
Annuity Due
0
PMT
I%
30
10%
100
100
FV
100
110
121
= 331
31
FV Annuity Formula
=
$100
I
(1+0.10)3-1
0.10
=
$331
32
Financial Calculator
Formula
for Annuities
Financial calculators solve this
equation:
N
(1+I)
-1
N
=0
FVN + PV(1+I) +
I
PMT
Financial Calculator
Solution
INPUTS
3
10
N
OUTPUT
-100
I/YR
PV
PMT
FV
331.00
Spreadsheet Solution
35
100
100
100
10%
90.91
82.64
75.13
248.69 = PV
36
PV Annuity Formula
= PMT
I (1+I)N
1
= $100 1
=
0.1
0.1(1+0.1)3 $248.69
37
Financial Calculator
Solution
INPUTS
3 10
N
OUTPUT
100
I/YR
PV
0
PMT
FV
-248.69
Spreadsheet Solution
39
10
0
10
0
10%
10
0
40
PV of annuity due:
= (PV of ordinary annuity) (1+I)
= ($248.69) (1+ 0.10) = $273.56
FV of annuity due:
= (FV of ordinary annuity) (1+I)
= ($331.00) (1+ 0.10) = $364.10
41
INPUTS
3 10
100
N
OUTPUT
I/YR
0
PV
PMT
FV
-273.55
42
INPUTS
3 10
0
N
OUTPUT
100
I/YR
PV
PMT
FV
-364.10
43
=FV(0.10,3,-100,0,1)
44
100
300
300
-50
10%
530.08 = PV
45
Financial calculator:
HP10BII
Financial calculator:
HP10BII (more)
CF0
CF1
CF2
CF3
CF4
=
=
=
=
=
0
100
300
300
-50
49
8%; Quarterly
8%, Daily interest (365 days)50
Examples:
The Impact of
Compounding
52
The Impact of
Compounding (Answer)
LARGER!
FVN = PV 1
+
INOM
M
MN
54
MN
INOM
M
0.12
= $100 1
2
FV5S
+
= $100(1.06)10
2x5
= $179.08
55
=
$176.2
3
FV(Semi. = $100(1.06)10
)
FV(Quar. = $100(1.03)20
)
60
$179.0
8
56
$180.6
1
57
Comparing Rates
INOM
1 +
M
0.12
1 +
2
= (1.06)2 - 1.0
= 0.1236 =
12.36%.
60
= 12%.
EARQ
= (1 + 0.12/4)4 - 1
= 12.55%.
EARM
= (1 + 0.12/12)12 - 1 = 12.68%.
EARD(365) = (1 + 0.12/365)365 - 1=
12.75%.
62
63
64
Amortization
Construct an amortization
schedule for a $1,000, 10% annual
rate loan with 3 equal payments.
67
PMT
PMT
PMT
10%
-1,000
3
INPUTS
OUTPUT
10
N
-1000
I/YR
PV
0
PMT
FV
402.11
68
69
70
Amortization Table
BEG
BAL
$1,00
0
698
366
YEAR
1
TOT
PMT
$402
PRIN
INT
PMT
$100 $302
END
BAL
$698
402
70
332
366
402
37
366
1,206.34 206.34
1,00
0
72
73
IPER = 11.33463%/365
= 0.031054% per day
0
273
0.031054%
FV=?
-100
76
Find FV
FV273 = $100
(1.00031054)273
= $100 (1.08846) =
$108.85
77
Calculator Solution
IPER = INOM/M
= 11.33463/365
= 0.031054 per day.
INPUTS
273
-100
N
OUTPUT
I/YR
0
PV
PMT
FV
108.85
78
79
5%
100
100
6-mos.
periods
100
80
81
5%
2
100
4
100
6
100.00
110.25
121.55
331.80
EFF% =
10.25%
0.10
1 +
2
1=
83
INPUTS
3
10.25
N
OUTPUT
0
I/YR
-100
PV
PMT
FV
331.80
84
5%
90.70
82.27
74.62
247.59
100
100
100
85
Comparing Investments
365
456 days
-850
1,000
87
88
Calculator Solution to FV
IPER = INOM/M
= 6.76649/365
= 0.018538 per day.
456
INPUTS
-850
N
OUTPUT
I/YR
0
PV
PMT
FV
924.97
90
OUTPUT
I/YR
PV
1000
PMT
FV
-918.95
3. Rate of Return
Find the EFF% on note and
compare with 7.0% bank pays,
which is your opportunity cost of
capital:
FVN = PV(1 + I)N
$1,000= $850(1 + I)456
Now we must solve for I.
93
Calculator Solution
INPUTS 456
-850
N
I/YR
0.035646%
OUTPUT
per day
1000
PV
PMT
FV
Convert % to decimal:
Decimal = 0.035646/100 = 0.00035646.
EAR = EFF% = (1.00035646)365 - 1
= 13.89%.
94
365
0.035646(365) = 13.01
13.89