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Unit-V GIS Applications
Unit-V GIS Applications
Resource mapping
Groundwater
Flood monitoring & Wetland management
Forrest management
Landuse and Landcover analysis
Regional and Urban planning
Geology
Agriculture and soil
Integration with Remote Sensing
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Resource mapping
Aresourceis a source or supply
from which benefit is produced
Resource mapping
An approach to delineating, measuring,
monitoring, and analyzing the natural
resources by the aspects of GIS with
feature mapping and object-based
classification
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Methodology
for
GIS data
Processing
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Methodology
for
GIS data
Generation of
thematic maps
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Groundwater
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To
extract
information
on
the
hydrogeomorphic features of a hard rock
terrain
Designing
a
suitable
groundwater
management plan for a hard rock terrain
To exhibits reservoir induced artificial
groundwater recharge downstream of
surface water reservoirs.
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Datasets used
Remotely-sensed data, viz. IRS-LISS-II
Existing maps, viz. Survey of India (SOI) Toposheets
Published geological map.
Field data, viz. depth to water level data of 18 dug
wells (CGWB 1980)
Pre- and post-monsoon data for three years
consecutively from 1976 to 1978 are used to determine
the nature of movement of groundwater in the area.
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Methodology
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IRS-LISS-II FCC (750 pixels by 750 pixels) (bands 432 in RGB scheme) depicts
reservoir induced recharge and better groundwater conditions along valley
fills. Anomalous growth of vegetation along valley fills and down stream of
reservoirs indicates improved groundwater conditions, the general direction
of groundwater flow and the extent of reservoir induced recharge.
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Conclusion
This study has enabled an evaluation of the capabilities of IRSLISS-II data for comprehensive understanding of the groundwater
conditions of a hard rock area.
Digital analysis of LISS-II data has permitted identication of
groundwater recharge due to reservoirs in the study area.
This is further augmented by analysis of thematic information
derived from DEM and groundwater data in a GIS environment.
Integrated analysis provides a further insight into the
hydrogeological regime of the area which can be utilized for site
selection for articial recharge.
GIS facilitates conjunctive analysis of multi-parameter thematic
data and decision making for efficient planning for groundwater
management.
The spatial database developed during this study is being
improved by adding further information layers and a modelling
approach may be adopted in future using integrated GIS.
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Unir-V
Applicationfrom
of GIS -geological
T.
Hydrogeological units
extracted
map of study area.
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Magendran
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Unir-V Application
of GIS
- T.
Groundwater potential
map for
specic
capacity (SPC)
Magendran
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Flood
Monitoring
&
Wetland
Management
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Definitions
Floods
A great flow of water; a body of moving water; the
flowing stream, as of a river; especially, a body of water,
rising, swelling, and overflowing land not usually thus
covered; a deluge; a freshet; an inundation.
Flash floods
A flash flood is a sudden inundation of water in low-lying
areas, usually brought on by heavy rain or a dam break.
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Causes of floods
Storm
Heavy rainfall
Sudden melting of snow and ice in mountain areas
Failure of a construction in the water system (dike, sluice,
weir)
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Floods in Mumbai
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Effects of floods
The main effect of the floods is
SOIL EROSION.
Floods take away the upper
fertile layer of soil with it and
instead brings with it the
unfertile clay.
Floods uproot the trees which
keep environment ecologically
safe
Floods make an enormous
impact on the environment and
society.
Floods
destroy
drainage systems
Benefits of flooding
However, floods (in particular the more frequent/smaller
floods) can bring many benefits, such as recharging ground
water, making soil more fertile and providing nutrients in
which it is deficient.
Flood waters provide much needed water resources in
particular in arid and semi-arid regions where precipitation
events can be very unevenly distributed throughout the
year.
Prevention of floods
The creation of flood plains and
winding streams are two of the
best ways to hinder the
accumulation
of
water
by
providing a route for the drainage
of water
Levees also impede the collecting
of water. Levees are embankments
composed of soil and earthen
material that are used to prevent
annual flooding in many areas.
FORMATION OF
NATURAL LEVEES
Flood Watch...
This means that flooding is possible with the watch area.
You should remain alert and be ready to evacuate on a
moment's notice.
Flood Warning...
This means that flooding has been reported, or is imminent.
When a flood warning is issued for your area, act quickly
to save yourself.
Go to higher ground, or climb to safety. Move to a safe area
before access is cut off by rising flood waters.
New challenges!
Increasing Flood Risks
Absolute safety against floods is a myth
Climate change uncertainty
Growing environmental concerns
IFM: Principles
Mitigation and
Preparedness
Response
Recovery and
rehabilitation
Residual risks
IFM: Principles
1.
2.
3.
4.
Risk Management
Water Cycle as a whole
Flood and drought
management
Effective use of flood waters
Ground water and surface
water interaction in flood
plains
Multi-hazard approach
River basin as a planning unit
Flood Management
Flood Management
In order to mitigate the damages from floods, a
nation wide Flood Forecasting and Warning System
has been established by the Central Water
Commission on interstate river basins and flood
forecasts are being issued through 175 Stations, out
of which 147 are river level forecasting Stations
and 28 are inflow forecasting stations on major
dams/reservoirs.
Flood Management
Forecasts about
water levels in rivers likely to be attained as a result of
floods
volume of inflow into reservoirs
are formulated and disseminated to various administrative
authorities of Central Government, State Government and
District Administration, media and other users on the basis of
real time data.
Wetland Management
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Forrest management
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Land use
Land useis the human use of land
Land use involves the management and
modification
ofnatural
environmentintobuilt
environmentsuch
as fields, pastures, and settlements.
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Land cover
Land coveris the physical material
at the surface of the earth.
Land covers includegrass,asphalt,trees,
bare ground,water, etc.
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Urbanization Urban
developemnt
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magendran.t@ktr.srmuniv.ac.in66