GLOBALIZATION

AND
NATIONAL
SECURITY

CONTENTS

Introduction
Elements of national security
Threats
Security strategies
Agencies
Pakistan armed forces
Impact of other countries
Impact of globalization on national security
Positive impact
Negative impact
Conclution

Globalization is the process

of international integration
arising from the interchange
of world views, products,
ideas and other aspects of
culture.

National security is
the requirement to
maintain the
survival of the state
through the use of
economic power,
diplomacy, power
projection and
political power.

IMPORTANCE OF
NATIONAL SECURITY

National security and international

security and order are intertwined.
Liberal forms of democratic
governments have been the only
choice to avoid war, and to pursue
prosperity through cooperation.
The moral commitment of states,
thus, helped in the fusion of national
and international security to build a
peaceful world and an enlightened
world order.

INFLUENCE OF GLOBLIZATION
ON NATIONAL SECURITY

There are so many implications cause

by globalization towards the national
security.
They are created complexity and new
challenges, wider the scope of
national security, national security
becomes more vulnerable, borderless
security environment, infected
national culture, tradition and values,
increased of international crime and
transnational threats.

ELEMENTS OF NATIONAL SECURITY

There are seven fundamental elements that lie at the core which therefore further
amplify our definition of national security. At the same time they constitute the most
important challenges we face as a nation and a people.
1)

SOCIO-POLITICAL STABILITY:

we must achieve peace and harmony among all filipiones,regardless of creed, ethnic
origin or social status. The government and people must engage in nation-building under
the rule of law, constitutional democracy, and the full respect of human rights.

2)TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY:
we must ensure the permanent unavoidability of our nation territory and its effective
control by the government and the state.

3) ECONOMIC SOLIDARITY AND STRENGTH:

we must vigourlsly pursue a free-market economy
through responsible entrepreneurship based on social
conscience, respect for the dignity of labour and
concern for public interest.

4)ECOLOGICAL BALANCE:
national survival rests upon the consecutive
conservation of our national environment in the face of
industrial and agricultural expansion and population
growth.

5)CULTURAL CONSIOUSNESS:
our lives as a people must be ruled by a common
sets of values and believes grounded on high moral
and ethnical standards ,drawn from our heritage
and embodying a Filipino standard identity
transcending religious ,ethnic and linguistic identity.
6) MORAL SPIRTUAL CONSENSUS:
We must be propelled by the national vision
inspired and manifested I our words and deeds, and
patriotism national pride and the advancement of
national goals and objectives.

7)EXTERNAL PEACE:
we must peruse constructive and cordial relations
with all nations and peoples, even as our nations
itself must chart an independent course ,free from
external central ,interference or threat or
aggression.

The English term threat means

warning, an indication of harm, danger.

TYPES OF THREATS
There are two types of threats:

External threats and

Internal threats.

EXTERNAL THREATS
Territorial Threats
2. Drug Trafficking
3. Cyber Attacks
4. Weapon Poliferation
5. Environmental Disasters
1.

INTERNAL THREATS
1.
2.
3.
4.

Terrorism
Ethnic Violence
Political Instability
Economic instability

SECURITY STRATEGIES

EDUCATION
The first effort should be on the educational
front. Education will bring the
better out of the
people as they will
not easily be vowed into
drastic decisions, which they will not know the
consequences. Hence Education needs to be
emphasized and made as a key to
success for
the
development and stability in the country.

GOVERNANCE
The quality of governance needs to be improved.
A system for the check on corruption
needs to be derived, which will encompass all the
bodies of
government, the civil as well as the military.
Pakistan needs to have stability within
in order
to meet the
challenges from outside and the
remedy for that would be smooth governance.
Good governance
would enhance the problems,
or rid the country with impediments, which have
caused the development and
led to internal
security
threats

FOREIGN POLICY
The foreign policy of Pakistan should promote
the internationally recognized norms
of interstate
relations, i.e.
respect for sovereignty and territorial
integrity of all States, non-interference in
the internal
affairs of other State; non-aggression
and peaceful
settlement of disputes, develop friendly
and cordial
relations with all
countries of the world.

SECTARIANISM

An ongoing dialogue between the leaders of the

two groups
at a well as at the city level is important .
Many
times, culprits of the violence between
the two
groups have been unknown gunmen
who have killed
at either Sunni or Shi Masjids
with no one claiming any
responsibility. Most
leaders from both sides are not
involved
in
the violence. Most Masjids do not preach
violence

If leaders from both sides engage each other in

dialogue, there is a good chance that they will be able
to help save lives on both sides. The education boards
of their respective area should also scrutinize the
Madrassahs syllabi. Police should make a plan to visit
these Madrassahs on a regular basis to make sure that
there is no military training being given to the students
there. . Foreign donations should not be allowed to
these Madrassahs, from either an individual or a
country without the approval of the government. Any
form of representation should not be given to these
groups which are running these institutes as this will set
a precedence which in the longer run will aid these
groups to blackmail or play havoc with the smooth
functioning of the government, if any policy is
formulated which does not coincide with their game
plan.

ETHNICITY/MINORITIE
S
Contact should be established
between the
ethnic groups so that
they can talk out their
grievances and
redress the situation.
A common cause for the betterment
of the society
should be established
between the two.
The minorities should be treated
appropriately.
Positive relationship should be worked out
between the muslims and
and the non-Muslims.

IMMIGRATION / BORDERS

Pakistan cannot stop terrorism unless

it can control its
borders. It will cost
too much to wire the borders.
However,a regular system of helicopterbased monitoring must
be developed if
Pakistan wants to assure security .
Since Pakistan has a large army, it should be a large
army, it should not have a problem of personnel.

The cost will be essentially

that of helicopters and of maintenance.

MILITARY FORCES
Military forces are well-equipped,well-trained
well-inoculated
and highly motivated conduct
operations in aid of civil power,
something that
they have amply displayed during
the recent years.
However, there is always a room for improvement.
While they have
devoted a part of their training
period to anti-terror
operations, they do need to
further develop the

POLICE
Police forces on the one hand need training to
deal with the threat
posed by the terrorists
including bomb blasts, gun running, bomb
disposal and post-blast
operations. On the
other, there is a dire need to continue with
the training in
criminology, intelligence,
detection, investigation and interrogation.
Establishment of women police
stations and
counter terrorism department (CTD) etc.

OTHER STRATEGIES

Improve worsening law and order situation

by eliminating trends of
targeted assassinations,
extortion, kidnapping for ransom and other
serious and organized crime.
Integrate national data base and registration
plan to identify people
residing in Pakistan and
their assets.
Rehabilitation of internally displaced persons (IDPs)
Economic reforms need to be introduced
Political stability

NATIONAL
SECURITY
AGENCIES

What is security agency?

Security is defined as being

free from danger, or feeling
safe.
An organization or
department whose task is
protection or safety is simply
called security agency.

Security Organization

National Security
Control

Internal security of pakistan

before the war against terrorism

Internal security was in the hands of law

enforcement agencies and paramilitary
forces.

Condition of security after the start of war of

terrorism

Over all Security of country is now look after by

law enforcement agencies , intelligences
agencies, paramilitary forces with cooperation
of military under one umbrella, now as written
policy under NISP 2014.

Pakistan
intelligence
community

Inter-Services Intelligence(ISI)

Ministry of Foreign Affairsof theGovernment of Pakistan

Intelligence

Bureau

Directorate-General for International

Security Services (DG ISS)
Directorate for Mission Building and
Specialized Programs (MBSP)
Directorate for High Security Building (HSB)
CTBT
NPT

Ministry of Financeof
government of Pakistan

Financial Monitoring Unit

Directorate general,
intelligence & investigationFBR (CUSTOM
INTELEGENCE)

Budget for national security agencies:

LAW
ENFORCEME
NT AGENCIES

List of federal law enforcement agencies:

Airport

security force
(Paramilitary force)

Frontier

Constabulary
(Paramilitary force)

Frontier

Corps
(paramilitary force
Pakistan Rangers
( Paramilitary force)
Pakistan

Coast
Guard (Paramilitary)

Anti-Narcotics Force

Special Security
Unit

National Highways
and
Motorway Police

National Police
Academy

Pakistan Railways
Police

Pakistan Customs

List of provincial law enforcement

agencies:

Balochistan Constabulary
( Paramilitary force)

Balochistan Levies
(Paramilitary force)

Balochistan Police

Frontier Police

Punjab Police

Sindh Police

Azad Jammu and

Kashmir Police

Gilgit-Baltistan
Police

Punjab Prisons
(Pakistan)

Additional Paramilitary
Forces

THE
MILITARY

PAKISTAN ARMY HEROES

Captain Sarwar:
At the age of 38, soon after the birth of Pakistan,
during the Kashmir operations in 1948, as
Company
Commander in the
2nd Battalion of the Punjab Regiment, while moving forward with six
of his men
to cut their way
through barbed wires and barriers,
he died when his chest was riddled by a burst of automatic fire.

Major Aziz Bhatti:

On 6th September 1965, as Company Commander in the Burki Area
of the Lahore Sector, Major Bhatti chose to move with his forward
platoon under
incessant artillery and tank attacks for five days
and nights in defence of the strategically vital
BRB
Canal. He was hit by an enemy
tank shell which killed him on 10 september 1965.

Captain "Kernal" Sher Khan:

Captain Karnal Sher and Hav. Lalak Jan joined those eight
legendary heroes who received the highest military
award of Nishan-i-Haider for laying
down their lives in defence of the beloved motherland. Despite
facing all odds, he lead a counter-attack and re- captured the lost
parts. But during the course he was hit by the machine-gun fire
and embraced shahadat at the same post. He
is the first officer from the NWFP province to be awarded
with Nishan-i-Haider.

Havildar Lalak Jan:

Hav. Lalak Jan of the Northern Light Infantry (NLI) was one of
those many who as a junior leader fought from the fore front to
thwart heavy Indian attacks. Hav. Lalak was awarded with the
Nishan-i-Haider for his dauntless courage and devotion.

 How can globalization

influence national security on
other countries?
Impact of other countries on
pakistan national security:

Globalization brings opportunity and also

vulnerability for all. It produces powerful forces
of social fragmentation, creating critical
vulnerabilities and sowing the seeds of violence
and conflict. All these aspects of globalization
have important security implications. It is
capable to bring the world together, tearing it
apart or facilitating some combination of both. It
is easy to understand the impact of globalization
towards economic, communication and social;
but in terms of national security is a problematic.
Therefore, this paper will discuss on the aspect of
how the globalization can influence the national
security on other countries.

National Security:

Hartland in Buzan (1991), has defined national security

as the ability of a nation to pursue successfully its
national interest, as it sees them, any place in the
world. The inclusion of traditional defense policy and
also the non-military actions of a state in the national
security is introduced by Louw (Buzan, 1991). US
Defense Dictionary has defined national security as a
collective term encompassing both national defense
and foreign relation specifically the condition provided
by a military or defense advantage over any foreign
nation or group of nations or a favorable foreign
relations positions or a defense posture capable of
successfully resisting hostile or destructive action from
within or without, overt or covert. In this light, national
security may also means the protection of the political,
economic, psychosocial, military, geo-ecological and
techno-scientific environment of the nation.

 National Security Becomes

Vulnerable

Information technologies and

systems are central features of
globalization and have become
increasingly important to the
functioning of many critical
civilian systems such as
communications, energy,
transportation, electrical, water,
and banking. The problem is that
they are now vulnerable to the
threat of cyber-attacks and
disruption. The dangers have
arising from environmental

 The National Security Implications of

Pakistans:
Impact of other countries on
Pakistan national security :
Afghanistan/Pakistan:

The border region between Afghanistan and Pakistan is a

place where militants continue to plot to target the United
States. Senator Shaheen supports a joint military and civilian
effort in Afghanistan, while working with the government of
Pakistan to address our security challenges. Though our
commitment to working with our partners in Afghanistan
and Pakistan is long-term, our military engagement in
Afghanistan cannot remain open-ended. Senator Shaheen
supports bringing our men and women in uniform home,
while transferring responsibility for security and governance
to the people of Afghanistan.

Europe and Nato:

AFGHANISTAN AND PAKISTAN

With years of experience in international politics, both

through her role as Director of Harvards Institute of Politics
and as an international election monitor, Senator Shaheen
has emerged as a leader in the Senate on trans-Atlantic
policy issues. As the former Chair of the Senate Foreign
Relations Subcommittee on European Affairs, Senator
Shaheen was responsible for overseeing U.S. involvement in
NATO efforts around the globe, and U.S. foreign policy efforts
in Russia, the Caucasus, and the Balkans and throughout
Europe. She believes that the enduring relationship between
the United States and Europe remains the anchor for global
stability. The greatest security challenges of our generation
the global economic crisis, terrorism, nuclear proliferation,
and climate change and energy security require a close
cooperation with our European allies.

POSITIVE IMPACT OF
GLOBALIZATION
National security is the requirement to
maintain the survival of the state through
the use of economic power, diplomacy,
power projection and political power. The
concept developed mostly in the United
States after World War II.
Positive impact on 3 issues:
Economic Power
Diplomacy
Political Power

ECONOMIC POWER
Economic impact of globalization is one
of the most important issues that are
considered by many researchers.
Nowadays the economic effect on national
interests and national security is one of the
most debated issues in the world.In a positive
context globalization can be considered as a
process of integration of goods and capital
markets across the world, where thresholds to
international trade and foreign investment are
reduced.

DIPLOMACY
This section addresses the
universalization of a uniform
form of diplomatic relations.
It does not ignore the unique
contributions of the various
civilizations to the development
of diplomatic practice. Neither
does it deny the distinct euro
centrism of contemporary
diplomatic practice.

POLITICAL POWER
One of the major impacts of political
Globalization is that it reduces the
importance of nation states. Many have
organized themselves into trade blocks.
Emergence of supranational institutions
such as the European Union, the WTO,
the G8 , and The International Criminal
Courtesy replaced or extended the
National functions to facilitate international
agreement. This has reduced the sovereignty
of nation states in taking important decisions with respect to their
country where we see massive intervention of these
organizations in all Fields.

NEGATIVE IMPACT OF
GLOBALIZATION
There are many negative impacts of National
security on globalization. Some of them are as
follows:
Cyber Attacks
Drug trafficking
Global terror
Weapon proliferation

Cyber Attacks
Cyber-attack is any type of offensive maneuver
employe by individuals or whole organizations
that targets computer information systems,
infrastructures, computer networks, and/or
personal computer devices by various means of
malicious acts usually originating from an
anonymous source that either steals, alters,
or destroys a specified target by hacking into a
susceptible system.

Factors including in Cyber

attacks are:

Fear factor
Spectacular factor
Vulnerability factor

FEAR FACTOR
The most common, fear factor, a cyber terrorist will creats
fear amongst individuals,groups and socities.

SPECTACULAR FACTOR
With spectacular factors, it is the actual
damage of the attack, meaning the attacks
created direct losses and gained negative
publicity.

VULNERABILITY
FACTOR
Vulnerability factor exploits how easy an
organization or government establishment
is vulnerable to cyber-attacks.

Professional hackers to Cyber

terrorists:

Professional hackers either working on their

own or employed by the government or military
service can find computer systems with
vulnerabilities lacking the appropriate security
software.
Once found, they can infect systems with
malicious code and then remotely control the
system or computer by sending commands to
view content or to disrupt other computers

DRUG TRAFFICKING

ILLEGAL DRUG
TRADE
The illegal
drug
trade is
a
global market
dedicated
to
the
cultivation, manufacture, distribution
and sale of drugs that are subject to
drug laws.

Drugs which are trafficking in large amounts are:

Alcohol
Heroin

The countries of drug production and drug

transit are some of the most affected by the
drug trade, though countries receiving the
illegally-imported substances are also
adversely affected. In many countries
worldwide, the illegal drug trade is thought
to be directly linked to violent crimes such
as murder.

SMUGGLING OF DRUGS

A large amount of drugs are smuggled into

Europe from Asia. The main source of these
drugs is Afghanistan.
Farmers in Afghanistan produce drugs
which are smuggled into the West and
central Asia.

Global terror

All around the world, terrorism is a huge threat. And

what's especially worrying is that for all the advances
made in recent years, the threat of terror seems to be
worsening. A new report
from the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) finds
that there was a 61 percent increase in deaths from
terrorism globally in 2013. The group also notes that the
data it collected shows a five-fold increase in the
number of deaths caused by terrorism since 2000.

TERRORISM INDEX NOTES THAT THERE

WERE 17,958 DEATHS FROM
TERRORISM IN 60 COUNTRIES LAST
YEAR, THE NUMBERS SHOW THAT
MORE THAN 80 PERCENT OF
THOSE DEATHS OCCURRED IN JUST
FIVE COUNTRIES AND ACCOUNTED
FOR THE GLOBAL FIGURES GOING UP.

Weapon proliferation

Nuclear proliferation is the spread of

nuclear weapons, fissionable material, and
weapons-applicable nuclear technology and
information to nations not recognized as
"Nuclear Weapon States" by the Treaty on
the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons,
also known as the
Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty or NPT is
an international treaty whose objective is to
prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and
weapons technology, to promote cooperation
in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and
to further the goal of achieving nuclear
disarmament and general and complete
disarmament.

NATIONAL SECURITY OF
INDIA

NATIONAL SECURITY OF
USA

NATIONAL SECURITY OF
AFGHANISTAN

NATIONAL SECURITY OF
IRAQ

NATIONAL SECURITY OF
IRAN

NATIONAL SECURITY OF RUSSIA

NATIONAL SECURITY OF GERMANY

NATIONAL SECURITY OF BRITAIN

NATIONAL SECURITY OF
CHINA