Lecture Week 1- Chapter 4

DENTAL ANANTOMY
 Anatomic Parts of The Tooth
• Crown: (anatomic) the portion covered with enamel
(fig. 4-2, pg. 48)
• Clinical Crown: portion of the tooth that is visible in
the mouth, length varies during the life cycle,
depends on the level of the gingiva
• Root: portion of the tooth that is normally
embedded in the alveolar process, covered with
cementum. Some teeth may have 1,2,3 roots
• Bifurcation: division into 2 roots
• Trifurcation: division into 3 roots
 Anatomic Parts of The Tooth
• Apex: tapered end of the root
• Apical: anything located at the apex
• Periapical: anything surrounding the apex
• Cervix: narrow area of the tooth, where the
crown and tooth meet
• Cementoenamel Junction: formed by the
enamel of the crown and the cementum of the
root, aka- cervical line or CEJ
 Tissues of the Tooth
• Enamel: makes up the anatomic crown of the
tooth, hardest material of the body, provides the
protective covering for the dentin, strong surface
for chewing, tearing, grinding. Composed of a
million enamel prisms called enamel rods,
extend from the surface of the tooth to the
dentinoenamel junction.
• Dentin: main portion of the tooth, extends the
entire length of the tooth, covered by enamel on
the crown and cementum on the root
 Tissues of The Tooth
• Dentin is a mineralized tissue, harder than bone, but not
as hard as enamel, very porous tissue make-up of
microscopic canals called dentinal tubules, these
extend to the exterior surface, each dentinal tubules
contain a dentinal fiber, this transmits pain to the pulp.

• Pulp: inner aspect of the dentin forms the boundaries of

the pulp chamber (fig. 4-3, pg. 49). At the time of
eruption the pulp chamber is large, with time and the
deposit of dentin it becomes smaller.

• Coronal Pulp: pulp that lies with in the crown portion of

the tooth

• Pulp horns: extensions of the pulp into the dentin area

• Radicular or Root Pulp: portion of the pulp that is

located more apically (fig. 4-3, pg. 49)
 Structures of The Pulp
• Pulp is made of blood vessels and nerves that enter the pulp
chamber through the apical foramen. Blood supply is from
the dental arteries and the periodontal ligament.
 Tissues of The Tooth
• Cementum: protects the root of the tooth is not as hard, as
enamel/dentin, covered by bone and gingival tissue

• Periodontium: supports the teeth in the alveolar bone,

consists of cementum, alveolar bone, periodontal ligaments.
It also protects and nourishes the teeth
 Tissues of The Tooth
• Periodontal Ligament: dense connective
tissue, organized into fibers that connect the
cementum covering the root of the tooth to the
alveolar bone of the socket wall. As we age the
width of these fibers decrease.
Review of The Tooth
 Dental Arches
• Mandibular Arch: capable of movement through the action
of the temporomandibular joint, aka- lower jaw
• Maxillary Arch: actually part of the skull, is fixed not capable
of movement, aka- upper jaw
• Each arch is divided into half resulting in 4 quadrants of the
mouth, maxillary right, maxillary left, mandibular right and
mandibular left. Each quadrant of permanent teeth contain 8
teeth, primary dentition-5 teeth
 Dental Arches

• The arch can also be divided into

Sextants, there are three sextants in each
arch.
• Maxillary Right/Left Posterior
• Maxillary Anterior
• Mandibular Right/Left Posterior
• Mandibular Anterior
• See 4-7 page 53
 Anterior Teeth
• Anterior: means toward the front, includes the
incisors, canines and are visible when you smile.
These teeth are aligned in a curve

Teeth 6-11
on the upper

Teeth 22-27
on the lower
 Posterior Teeth
• Posterior: toward the back, includes the
pre-molars, and molars

Teeth 1-5, 16-12

on the upper are
posterior

Teeth 28-32, 21-

17 on the lower
are posterior
 Surfaces of The Teeth
• Occlusal: posterior teeth only, top of the
tooth
• Facial: anterior teeth, closest to the lips
• Lingual: closet to the tongue
• Mesial: closet to the midline
• Distal: away from the midline
• Incisal: on anterior, the edge
• Buccal: Posterior, close to the cheek
• Table 4-2, pg 51
Surfaces Overview
 Primary Dentition
• Made up of 20 teeth, also know as deciduous, as
the adult teeth form, the root of the primary teeth
is resorbed. Table 4-3, pg. 55
F
E G
D H
C I
B J

T K
L
S
M
R N
Q O
P
 Permanent Dentition
• Permanent begins when the last primary is shed,
around 12 years of age. 32 teeth in all erupt at
times
Upper Arch 1-16

Lower Arch 17-32

 Universal Number System
• Approved by the ADA
• Permanent teeth are numbered 1-32
• Primary teeth are lettered A-T
• Table 4-4 pg. 56, 57
• Palmer Notation: four quadrants divided by
a vertical line and horizontal line, 8 teeth in
each section
 Tooth Numbering Review
Permanent Dentition
(Adult Teeth)