2 Stroke Engines

Scavenging

2 Stroke Evolution Timeline

Dugald Clerk ( 1881)

Joseph Day
Port Engine)

Separate Cylinder for Charging

Piston As Pump Crankcase Scavenged (3

Alfred Angas Scott (1908) Practical 2Stroke engine used in

Motor Cycle

Why Study when Its Banned

No Engine Type Produced Great Interest
Very Simple to Design and Manufacture
Optimization
One form of engine produces high power output even in low

speeds used extensively in ships

Design is Not Limited

Air Capacity in Two Stroke

4 stroke retains almost all the air entering during intake

In 2 stroke
Since exhaust ports are open most time some air escapes
through it
Power depends on air retained and not on air entered

Basic Definitions

Delivery Ratio
Trapping Efficiency
Scavenging Efficiency

Delivery Ratio
Ratio of amount of air delivered to a reference volume

; Reference volume may be total cylinder volume,

displacement volume or swept volume
It can also be expressed in mass basis
If R del = 1 then amount of air delivered is equal to cylinder
volume
May be greater than 1 or less than one; depends on type

Trapping Efficiency
Ability of Cylinder to retain fresh charge
Some inlet charge Escapes through exhaust ports
Air Delivered = Air Retained + Air Lost
= ;
Based on geometry of ports, overlap time etc

Scavenging Efficiency
Measure of purity of charge or success of scavenging
Even after Scavenging Some amount of residual charge
remains
=
Shows up to what extent residual gases are replaced by fresh
air

Theoretical Scavenging Process

Perfect Scavenging
Perfect Mixing
Complete Short Circuiting

Perfect Scavenge
The fresh air-fuel mixture remains separated from burnt

mixture
Inlet charge completely pushes out the outlet charge
No Mixing
No Loss of inlet charge

Perfect Mixing
Incoming charge mixes completely and instantaneously with

cylinder contents
The out substance is the same as the cylinder contents
This models results approximates to many actual
scavenging process
Used as a basis of comparison

Short Circuiting

Dead Loss
Charge goes directly out of the exhaust without replacing the
residual burnt products

Classification of Scavenging Systems

Based on Engine Type

Crank case Scavenged Engine

Separately Scavenged Engine

Scavenging Arrangements
Based on Air Flow

Cross Flow
Loop Flow
Uniflow

Cross Flow

Original method

Piston Deflector

Transfer Port & Exhaust Ports are

opposite to each other
Good Low speed Scavenge
Good Low speed Power
Characteristics

Cross Flow

For High Speeds

Detonation occurs
Hot Edged Piston
Fuel Economy
Short Circuiting
Unburned hydrocarbons

Cross Flow

Manufacturing Advantages
Packing Space is less
Cylinder to Cylinder spacing is less;
compact

Loop Scavenging

Invented by Schnurle

Air Flow is in a loop

Transfer Port and Exhaust Ports are

placed on same side
Flat top Piston
Hot Running Piston is Eliminated
Compact Combustion Chamber
Rapid and Efficient Combustion

Loop Scavenging

M.A.N Type

Schnuerle Type

Curtis type

Uni Flow

Regarded Most Efficient

Swirling Motion is Imparted

Fresh Charge Enters At one End and

Exhaust goes out at some other end
Swirl Produces Good Combustion in
Engines

Uni Flow

Very efficient for Low speed Marine

Engines

Produce good thermal Efficiency for

large engines ( eg: 1000 mm bore,
2500 mm Stroke)

Not suited for automobiles

Suits better to CI than SI

Separately Scavenged Engines

Uses Separate Compressor to supply Air

Recently,

Improved Emission Characteristics

Thermodynamically Efficient if
TurboCharger arrangement is used

Petrol Injection Technique used with it

showed lesser unburnt and smoke
emissions

Ideal For Diesel Engines but Only Draw

back is the visible smoke Standards

Separately
Scavenged with
Turbocharger
and Fuel
Injection

Design is Not Limited