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Chemicals Based On Methane
Chemicals Based On Methane
METHANE
METHANE
Colorless, odorless, lighter than air
Not very reactive, it does not react
with acids or bases under normal
condition. However, it reacts with a
limited number of reagents such as
oxygen and chlorine under spesific
conditions
1. CARBON DISULFIDA
Methane reacts with sulfur at high temperatures to
produce carbon disulfide
The reaction is endothermic
The process start by vaporizing pure sulfur,
mixing it with methane, and passing the mixture
over the alumina catalyst
The reaction could be represented as :
Uses :
1.
Carbon disulfide is primarily used to produce rayon and cellophane
(regenerated cellulose)
2.
CS2 is also used to produce carbon tetrachloride using iron powder as
catalyst at 30oC
2. HYDROGEN CYANIDE
Colorless liquid, that is miscible with water,
producing weakly acidic solution
Highly toxic compound, but a very useful
chemical intermediate with high reactivity
It is used in the synthesis of acrylonitrile and
adiponitrile, which are important monomers
for plastic and synthetic fiber production
Production Process
1. The Andrussaw Process
reaction
: exothermic
catalyst
: platinum-rhodium alloy
temperature : 1100oC.
catalyst
: aluminum ruthenium alloy
temperature : 1200oC
3. CHLOROMETHANE
The successive substitution of methane hydrogens with
chlorine produces a mixture of four chloromethanes :
methyl chloride (CH3Cl), methylene chloride (CH2Cl2),
chloroform(CHCl3), and carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4)
Uses :
CH3Cl : to produce silicon polymer, methylating
agent in methyl cellulose production, a solvent, a
refrigerant
CH2Cl2 : paint remover, degreasing solvent, solvent
for cellulose acetate
CHCl3 : to produce fluorocarbon 22
CCl4 : chlorofluorocarbon
4. Synthesis Gas
Many chemicals are produced from
synthesis gas. This is a consequence of the
high reactivity associated with hydrogen
and carbon monoxide gases, the two
constituents of synthesis gas
2. Methanol
Methanol is produced by the catalitic
reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen
(syn-gas)
Uses of methanol :
methanol has many important uses as a
chemical, a fuel, formaldehyde, a gasoline
additive, synthetic gasoline, etc
a. urea production