SOFTWARE ENGINERING

Spring 2009
GSM Simulation Domain
March 02, 2009

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 MOLDELING & SIMULATION
• Mathematical or Empirical Model of a
System is Modeling
• Implementation of a model on the
computer is simulation
– Simulation does not necessarily mean actually
duplicating a physical system
– Depending on the level of detail simulation
may just mimics a physical system
– Level of detail of simulation is guided by the
purpose.
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 BOOK for GSM Domain
Pages 23-58
GSM Switching Services and Protocols 2nd
Edition
By Jorg Eberspacher, Hans-Jorg Vogel and
Christian Bettsetter
John Wiley and Sons, LTD 2001
PDF is in the shared folder

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 Cellular
• Limited Channels
– GSM – 25 Mz in 900 Mz range
• Max 125 Channels of 200 kHz each
• Large Number of Subscribers
• Solution: Reuse of Channels
– Signal Strength drops sharply away from the
transmitter
• A particular Signal of a certain frequency can be reused if the
transmitters are located sufficiently far apart
• Create Cells (Radio Zones) and reuse s frequency in those
cells that are sufficiently far apart
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 Cell Conti…
• Assign A sub set of channels Ci
(frequencies) to each cell such that no 2
neighboring cell will have the same sub
set but
• Ci can be reused again in cells which are
far enough apart
• Co-Channel Interference – One frequency
interferes with another cell’s frequency
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 Cells D
distance
part can
reuse
frequencies

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 Signal To Noise Ratio (SNR)
• SNR = Useful Signal /Disturbing Signal =
(Useful Signal)/(Neighboring Cell
Interference + Noise)
• Neglecting the noise – SNR = Useful
Signal / Neighboring Cell Interference
• SNR = 1/6(R/D) -y Where R is the radius of
the cell and D is the distance of Frequency
reuse and 2 ≤ y ≤ 5;
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 Cell Clusters

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 SNR for k Cells/Cluster

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 Traffic Capacity
• Blocking Probability (a call will be blocked) =

B
n
• A / n! (Erlang Formula)
i0 Ai / i!
n

• N = total number of channels

A = U µ H where U = Number of users; µ =
Average number of calls/second and H =
average duration of a call

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 GSM System Hierarchy

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 GSM Architecture

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 GSM Basics
• System Architecture
– Fixed Installed Structure
• Radio Network – Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
• Mobile Switching Network – Switching and Management Sub
System (SMSS)
• Management Network –Operation and Manage Sub System
(OMSS)
– Mobile Subscribers over Radio Interface - Mobile
Stations (MS)
• Mobile Equipment
• Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
– Subscriber ID
– Call Number

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 Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
• Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
– One Per Cell
• Antenna
• Transmitter
• Receiver
• Simple signaling and protocol processing
• Base Station Controller (BSC)
– Provides controls for the BTS
– Services more than one BTS
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 BSS

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 Mobile Switching Network (MSS)
• Mobile Switching Center
– Routing
– Allocation and Administration of radio
Resources
– Subscriber Identification
– Service Features Processing

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 MSS

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 Home and Visitor Location
Registers (HLR & VLR)
• HLR (one per PLMN))
– Stores Every Subscriber’s Data
• Subscription and Permissions (Permanent Data)
• Current Location of the MS (Temporary Data)
• VLR (One per MSC)
– MS is registered on entering a location area
(MSC)
– Provides Roaming and faster local connection

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 Management Network –Operation
and Manage Sub System (OMSS)
• Monitoring
• Configuration
• Fault and Performance Management

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 Project
GSM Simulator and CELL
Optimization (GSMSim)
• Simulate the working and management of
a typical GSM Network
• Provide Rudimentary Network
Management Capabilities
• Perform CELL Optimization

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 GSMSim Modules
• GSM System (GS)
– Simulate a typical GSM network
• GSM Network Management System (GNMS)
– rudimentary network management capabilities
• GSM Performance & Fault Management System
(GPFS)
– Manage the performance and fault aspects
• GSM Cell Optimizer (GCO).
– Manage the cell optimization functions

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 GSM System (GS) [group 1]

• The GSM System

– Engineer log in to the system
– Mobile Stations (MS), (BTS ), BSC and MSC will be graphically displayed on a
Satellite map of Lahore. Color coding will be used to identify currently setup
Cells.
– Cell Working
• Engineer can make changes (location and numbers) to the GSM set up
• Monitors traffic between Network Elements e.g. MS to BTS
• Can display different parameters on the screen
– Communication Protocols
• Communication between Network Elements can be configured to use one of the given
protocols
– Cell Configuration
• All the cell parameters are configurable from the screen
– User Interface
– Interactions
• Interacts with the other modules via a Application Programming Interface (API)

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 GSM Network Management
System (GNMS) [groups 2]
• The GSM NSM
– Provides Controls for the currently managed
GSM System
• Monitoring
• Configuration
• Performance and Fault Management.
– User Interface
• Interfaces to other modules

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 GSM Performance & Fault
Management System (GPFS)
[group 3]
• Manage Performance and fault
parameters.
– Generate Alarms at any Network Element
– Monitoring of Alarms of all Network Elements
– Monitoring of QOS parameters to manage
performance
– User Interface
– Interfaces with other modules

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 GSM CELL Optimizer (GCO)
[group 4]
• Optimize GSM Cell parameters
– Tracks signal strength, position and time
parameters
– Provides controls for changing these
parameters
– User Interface
– Interfaces with other modules

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