1) Approximately one-third of hermatypic corals are hermaphrodites that can self-fertilize. The remainder live in colonies with separate male and female polyps.
2) Coral reproduction can occur sexually through the external fertilization of egg and sperm or asexually through fragmentation or budding. In sexual reproduction, fertilization typically happens inside or outside the polyp depending on the species.
3) Factors like temperature, lunar cycles, and environmental changes can influence the timing and success of coral spawning and larval development, though there is variation between species and regions.
1) Approximately one-third of hermatypic corals are hermaphrodites that can self-fertilize. The remainder live in colonies with separate male and female polyps.
2) Coral reproduction can occur sexually through the external fertilization of egg and sperm or asexually through fragmentation or budding. In sexual reproduction, fertilization typically happens inside or outside the polyp depending on the species.
3) Factors like temperature, lunar cycles, and environmental changes can influence the timing and success of coral spawning and larval development, though there is variation between species and regions.
1) Approximately one-third of hermatypic corals are hermaphrodites that can self-fertilize. The remainder live in colonies with separate male and female polyps.
2) Coral reproduction can occur sexually through the external fertilization of egg and sperm or asexually through fragmentation or budding. In sexual reproduction, fertilization typically happens inside or outside the polyp depending on the species.
3) Factors like temperature, lunar cycles, and environmental changes can influence the timing and success of coral spawning and larval development, though there is variation between species and regions.
HERMAPRODIT HERMAPRODIT SELAMANYA HERMAPRODIT TERGANTUNG KEADAAN SISA DARI KOLONI TERDIRI DARI JANTAN DAN BETINA; SEMENTARA PADA KARANG SOLITER, TERDIRI DARI JANTAN SAJA, ATAU BETINA SAJA.
Reproduksi karang
Seksual (Pembuahan gamet)
Dalam tubuh (Brooding/planulator)
Aseksual
Di luar tubuh (Broodcast spawning)
Proses pembuahan kedua sel
gamet (jantan dan betina) terjadi di dalam tubuh polip, yakni dalam rongga tubuh (gastrovascular cavity) , sampai menjadi planula, kemudian baru dilepaskan ke perairan.
Broadcast spawning. Proses
pembuahan sel-sel gamet (jantan dan betina) terjadi di perairan setelah dilepaskan oleh polip-polip karang.
3 Spawning in hermaphrodite corals. 1 An Acropora showing egg
and sperm bundles that have moved to the mouths of the polyps just prior to spawning. 2 A Platygyra with egg and sperm bundles that have just been released. 3 A Favia showing the upwardmoving shower of egg and sperm bundles that can come from a single colony. 1 Great Barrier Reef, Australia 2 Kuwait 3 Lord Howe Island, south-eastern Australia. Photographs: 1 Valerie Taylor 2, 3 Sumber: Peter Harrisohttp://coral.aims.gov.au/info/reproduction-
3 Spawning in separately-sexed corals. 1, 2 Male and female Galaxea.
The male (1) has a white globule of undeveloped eggs, the female (2) has only eggs. 3, 4 Male and female Fungia. The male (3) is releasing a smoke-like cloud of sperm, the female (4) is releasing a stream of eggs which are not clustered into bundles. Great Barrier Reef, Australia Photographs: Peter Harrison. Sumber: http://coral.aims.gov.au/info/reproductionsexual.jsp
Development of planulae from fertilised eggs. 1 A mixture of eggs
and developing embryos, still part of a slick on the ocean surface. 2 Planulae of Acropora. Planula larvae typically change shape as they develop. The outer surface is covered with cilia allowing some motility, the interior is darkened with zooxanthellae. Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Photographs: Peter Harrison. Sumber: http://coral.aims.gov.au/info/reproductionsexual.jsp
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGRUHI REPRODUKSI
THE LONG-TERM CONTROL OF SPAWNING (CONTROL OF THE
MATURATION OF GONADS) MAY BE TEMPERATURE, DAY LENGTH AND/OR RATE OF TEMPERATURE CHANGE (EITHER INCREASING OR DECREASING). THE SHORT-TERM (GETTING READY TO SPAWN) CONTROL IS USUALLY LUNAR. THE FINAL CUE (RELEASE OF SPAWN) IS USUALLY THE TIME OF SUNSET. THERE ARE MANY VARIATIONS ON THESE CONTROLS, PROBABLY BECAUSE SYNCHRONY IS USUALLY LINKED TO WHATEVER ENVIRONMENTAL CUES WORK BEST WITHIN A GIVEN REGION. CUES MAY ALSO BE BIOLOGICAL AS WELL AS PHYSICAL AND SYNCHRONY BY CHEMICAL MESSENGERS MAY NOT ONLY INVOLVE CORALS, BUT A HOST OF OTHER MARINE LIFE AS WELL.
GAMET JANTAN DILEPASKAN TERJADI SETIA BULANNYA
KHUSUSNYA PADA SAAT BULAN PENUH PUNCAK KELIMPAHAN DAN BROODED LARVA TERJADI PADA BULAN BARU DIANTARA KOLONI, BROODED LARVA LEBIH BANYAK DI PUSAT KOLONI DIBANDING PINGGIRAN KOLONI DIANTARA KOLONI BETINA, AWAL REPRODKSI BERHUGBUNGAN DENGAN UKURAN KOLONI, SEBALIKNYA PADA INDIVIDU POLIP BERKAITAN/TERGANTUNG PADA UMUR KOLONI. LAJU PERTUMBUHAN VERTIKAL DAN LATERAL PORITES ASTROIDES, SEJALAN DENGAN PENINGKATAN UKURAN KOLONI, TETAPI TIDAK DENGAN UMUR KOLONI. Referensi: ELIZABETH A. CHORNESKY1,2,* and ESTHER C. PETERS2 Reproduction in Cultured versus Wild Coral Colonies: Fertilization, Larval Oxygen Consumption, and Survival Biol. Bull. 2010 218:230-236
Reproduksi karang
FAKTOR LAIN YANG MEMPENGARUHI REPRODKSI MENURUT
SUMBER LAINNYA: TEMERATURE ACIDITY (PH) INVERONMENTAL CHANGE Journal of Marine Biology Volume 2011 (2011), Article ID 473615, 14 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/473615 Review Article Reviewing the Effects of Ocean Acidification on Sexual Reproduction and Early Life History Stages of Reef-Building Corals Rebecca Albright